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2006年6月WTO对尼加拉瓜贸易政策审议尼加拉瓜政府声明(英文)
WORLD TRADEORGANIZATION RESTRICTED
 
                       T/TPR/G/16719 June 2006
                              (06-2810)

Trade Policy Review Body Original : Spanish




TRADE POLICY REVIEWReport by NICARAGUA



Pursuant to the Agreement Establishing the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (Annex 3 to the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization), the policy statement by Nicaragua is attached.

Note: This report is subject to restricted circulation and press embargo until the end of the first session of the meeting of the Trade Policy Review Body on Nicaragua.

CONTENTS

Page

I. INTRODUCTION 5
II. ECONOMIC SETTING 6
III. NICARAGUA AND THE WTO 9
IV. NICARAGUA'S TRADE POLICY 10
(1) TREND OF THE EXTERNAL SECTOR (1999-2004) 11
(2) TRADE AGREEMENTS 12
(3) CENTRAL AMERICAN INTEGRATION 12
V. ECONOMIC AND TRADE PROSPECTS 13
ANNEX I: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ESTABLISHED SINCE 1999 15
ANNEX II: APPENDIX TABLES 17


I. INTRODUCTION
1. The period covered by the second Trade Policy Review saw the Nicaraguan economy continue to move along on the free-market growth path it had embarked upon in 1990. Key features of economic policy over the period 1999-2004 were efficient macroeconomic management involving tight monetary policy and fiscal discipline, supported by strengthening and expansion of economic liberalization and open trade practices.
2. Structural reforms were further deepened, to facilitate economic growth and social development, and to reinforce the fight against poverty. In addition, a group of laws were passed to strengthen the country's economic and institutional foundations, thereby maintaining political stability and enhancing the climate of confidence for both domestic and foreign investors.
3. Since 2002, the Nicaraguan Government has formulated a medium- and long-term National Development Plan (PND) containing policy measures and structural reforms to transform the Nicaraguan economy in the medium-to-long term, based on the country's resource potential and with the aim of achieving economic growth and reducing poverty.
4. The PND proposes an economic policy aimed at improving competitiveness in the private sector, based on public investments oriented more towards fixed capital formation and human capital, supported by policies giving incentives to production and trade, which in turn help to reduce poverty. The sector focus is thus complemented with a territorial approach, to make the most of the potential of different areas and achieve harmonized and integrated development between them.
5. The PND also sets guidelines for strengthening the financial system and oversight institutions such as the Central Bank, for long-run fiscal and external sustainability, and for retargeting public investments, which are viewed as crucial to achieving a medium-term macroeconomic framework that enables the country to achieve its development goals.
6. In keeping with the priorities established in the PND, work is ongoing to implement the following sector programmes: Prorural, Promypime, Proambiente and the National Competitiveness Programme, which includes the cluster strategy as a means of achieving productive growth. Key clusters include coffee, meat and dairy products, light manufacturing, tourism and shrimp farming.
7. The reforms introduced during the period covered by this second trade policy review include deepening of administrative decentralization, strengthening of the financial system and modernization of tax administration, among others.
8. The process of executing structural adjustment programmes was also strengthened; and this enabled the country to become eligible for the benefits of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative in September 1999, attaining the decision point in December 2000, and the completion point in January 2004.
9. Since 1999, Nicaragua has successfully quickened the process of deeper trade liberalization in keeping with its macroeconomic policy framework, with a view to overcoming the fragility of the economy's external sector. Measures have been introduced to improve competitiveness, remove barriers to international trade and engage more effectively in the international economy.
10. As the liberalization process unfolds, the strategy aims to enhance economic integration in the region through the establishment of a customs union, and to develop greater bilateral openness towards the country's main trading partners through export promotion measures and guarantees of a stable regulatory framework for both domestic and foreign investment. Steps are also being taken to strengthen multilateral, regional, subregional and bilateral trading links, to make the country an open and secure market for its trade partners.
11. Trade agreements have become a means of promoting production for export and foreign direct investment (FDI). In 2005, Nicaragua ratified the Central America-Dominican Republic- United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR); and negotiations were completed for a trade accord with Chinese Taipei, reflecting a deepening of Nicaragua's strategy in the globalization process.
12. As a result of economic policies implemented during the reporting period, including trade liberalization, economic growth rose to an average of 3.0 per cent per year, driven mainly by goods and services exports and private consumption, which expanded by 7.8 per cent and 3.8 per cent respectively.
13. Policy measures have been implemented against a backdrop of enhanced competition, unrestricted foreign exchange dealings, elimination of foreign trade barriers and a gradual lowering of tariffs.
14. Going forward, the Government proposes to target policies on achieving fiscal, external, environmental and social sustainability in the medium-to-long term, based on its resource potential, which makes it possible to improve competitiveness in the economy generally and strengthen the rule of law, based on principles of peace and democracy in a free-market system.
II. ECONOMIC SETTING
15. The sound economic policies implemented in the period 1999-2004 enabled Nicaragua to maintain positive and broadly based growth rates averaging 3.0 per cent per year, despite lower prices obtained for its main agricultural export products. On the supply side, most economic activities posted growth rates above the annual average, with agriculture, forestry, manufacturing industry, financial services, energy, and potable water and other services playing leading roles. Factors boosting the demand side were consumer spending and the expansion of external demand.
16. In 2004, the economy posted its highest growth rate in recent years (5.1 per cent), thanks to a number of events that fuelled expectations in the business sector, encouraging private investment and economic expansion.
17. Nonetheless, the Nicaraguan economy has not been immune to negative shocks from the world economy stemming from higher oil prices and international interest rates, which, in conjunction with a low saving rate, affect real interest rates prevailing in the financial market.
18. Despite supply shocks such as price hikes in oil and several consumer goods, inflation was kept at single-digit levels in 1999-2004, as a result of fiscal discipline aimed at reducing the non-financial public-sector deficit, and a tight monetary policy.
19. Wage policy has allowed for increases in the government sector, with pay rises for teachers, paramedic staff and the national police. The national average real wage, measured in relation to the cost of a basket of 53 basic consumer goods, rose from 136 per cent in December 1999 to 149 per cent in December 2004.
20. The performance of the Nicaraguan economy in 1999-2004 was supported by the following programmes: (a) a second Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility (ESAF), a triennial agreement between the Government and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) established for 1998-2000; (b) the Central American Reconstruction Programme implemented in 1999-2001, following the destruction caused by Hurricane Mitch in December 1998; and (c) the first Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) arrangement for 2002-2005, which was signed in December 2002.
21. On the foreign trade front, policies to promote exports, attract foreign investments and ensure open trade practices have helped raise the performance of the external sector, generating a sustained increase in the value of merchandise exports, which grew by an average of 8.3 per cent per year. In volume terms goods and services exports expanded at an average annual rate of 7.8 per cent between 1999 and 2004, and their value rose from US$509.0 million in 1999 to US$760 million in 2004.
22. Merchandise imports trended upwards in c.i.f. value terms. This reflected lower tariffs, for which the simple average dropped to 5.4 per cent in 2004; additional external assistance averaging US$200 million per year in 1999-2001 in connection with the national reconstruction programme following Hurricane Mitch; and needs generated by economic growth and stronger private consumption (fuelled by a rise in disposable national income).
23. For these reasons, the c.i.f. value of merchandise imports rose from US$1,723 million in 1999 to US$2,256 million in 2004; and in volume terms they expanded by 1.4 per cent on average during the reporting period.
24. The trade deficit widened from US$1,063 million in 1999 to US$1,290 million in 2004, or from 24.0 per cent of GDP in 2000 to 28.7 per cent in 2004. The country has also lost real income at an average annual rate of 19.7 per cent, resulting from a deterioration in the terms of trade as average import prices grew faster (8.3 per cent) than average export prices (6.2 per cent).
25. The real-exchange-rate index has varied only slightly and is keeping the country's competitiveness constant; the index shows an average annual variation of 1.2 per cent during the reporting period. The rate of depreciation in the official exchange rate slowed from 11.6 per cent in 1999 to 5.5 per cent in 2004.
26. The widening current-account deficit has been financed largely through foreign borrowing; external-debt relief; and, increasingly, family remittances, which, according to Central Bank data, amounted to US$519 million in 2004. External cooperation, including debt relief, provided an average of US$686 million in funding per year, structured as follows: loans (42 per cent); grants (39 per cent); and debt relief (29 per cent). Nicaragua only has access to loans on highly concessional terms from international financial institutions.
27. A key aspect of the process of opening the Nicaraguan economy has been the role played by FDI, which averaged US$238 million per year during the period. This also reflects the establishment of a climate of security and stability, supported by the approval of an appropriate legal framework, deepening of the privatization process, and the signing of investment promotion and protection agreements, backed by the country's potential in terms of resource abundance, and other actions implemented. The fact that the largest amounts of investment target the energy, trade, service, telecommunications, agribusiness and free zone sectors, reflects the economy's openness to FDI in practically all economic sectors.
28. Gross international reserves climbed to a new high (US$670 million) in 2004. Excluding the cancellation of external debt and interim relief on external debt payments, the flow of external cooperation received by Nicaragua in 1999-2004 totalled US$3,331 million, and averaged US$555 million per year. The external debt stock shrank from US$6,549 million in 1999 to US$5,391 million in 2004, thanks mainly to the relief provided by the HIPC initiative, which resulted in an over 80 per cent reduction in external debt.
29. In the fiscal domain, strenuous efforts have been made to avoid the distortion in public finance, caused by a prudent fiscal policy aimed at strengthening and facilitating production, increasing saving and reducing the deficit of the non-financial public sector. Current saving doubled from 2.9 per cent of GDP in 2002 to 6.0 per cent in 2004; and the relative size of the public-sector deficit shrank by almost half from 9.6 per cent of GDP in 2001 to 5.0 per cent in 2004.
30. This improvement in the country's public finances was based on larger tax revenue, following an expansion of the tax base pursuant to the Law on Commercial Tax Justice (which was replaced by the Fiscal Equity Law and subsequent recent amendments), assisted by the momentum of economic activity in the last three years.
31. Nicaragua's monetary policy has been kept on a tight rein to maintain exchange-rate and price stability. This made it possible to overcome the banking crisis that occurred during the period and to maintain confidence in the domestic financial system. Open market operations have made a major contribution to keeping liquidity at levels consistent with economic growth, thereby helping to ease inflationary pressures.
32. Sound monetary policy management has made it possible to lower interest rates on loans in the financial system; and, as a result, credit expanded during the period in nominal terms, consistently with economic growth. The stock of loans outstanding has trended down in relation to GDP, thereby easing pressures on gross international reserves.
33. In terms of holdings of monetary assets, the public have revealed a preference for deposits in dollars and indexed-linked time deposits in córdobas.
34. Lastly, the main structural reforms implemented during the reporting period include the following:
· Reduction in the number of ministries and restructuring thereof in May 1999.

· Privatization of power distribution (in 2000) and of the telephone company (in 2003), and leasing of the State oil importer (PETRONIC) in 1999.

· The General Customs Directorate and the General Revenue Directorate turned into institutions with administrative and financial autonomy in 2000.

· Approval of tax reform in the Fiscal Equity Law in May 2003.

· Privatization of 51 per cent of the capital of the country's second State bank, Banco Nicaragüense de Industria y Comercio (BANIC), in January 1999.

· Passing of the Deposits Guarantee Law in 2002, to preserve the security and confidence of depositors in financial institutions.
· Liquidation of Banco Nicaragüense de Industria y Comercio (BANIC) in August 2002.

· Reform of the Penal Code in 2002, to define financial crimes.

· Reform of the Law on the Deposits Guarantee Fund (FOGADE) in 2003, to centralize the administration of asset liquidation in a new FOGADE unit, in the event of bank interventions.

· Tax and tariff reform to reduce import duties; progress in solving problems relating to disputed ownership; privatization of power distribution lines; sale of 40 per cent of the share capital of the telephone company.

· Start of implementation of the Financial-Administrative Management Information System (SIGFA) to guarantee transparent use of national budgetary resources.

· Reorganization of the Executive Branch; amendment of the Foreign Investments Law; issuance of a new law in relation to the Attorney General of the Republic; and modernization of laws on the central bank, commercial banks and the Banking Superintendency, as well as the strengthening of prudential regulations in the national financial system.
Legal and institutional aspects
35. In the period 1999-2004, Nicaragua embarked upon a process to modernize and strengthen its legal, regulatory and institutional framework, with a view to ensuring security and stability for all economic agents, and thus implement the country's growth and development strategy. Aspects addressed include the regulatory framework that aims to reduce State monopolies, speed up privatization, and strengthen the financial system, in an environment that promotes free competition.
36. During the reporting period, laws were drafted to strengthen the financial system with a view to maintaining the country's economic, political and social stability. The most important of these include the General Law on Banks, Non-Banking Financial Institutions and Financial Groups; the Law on the Superintendency of Banks and Other Financial Institutions; and the Law Guaranteeing Deposits in Financial Institutions, among others.
III. NICARAGUA AND THE WTO
37. Since its accession to the GATT in May 1950 and the World Trade Organization (WTO) in September 1995, Nicaragua has lobbied for a fair and equitable multilateral trading system that benefits trade growth, strengthens the world economy, and facilitates increases in production, trade in goods and services and real incomes, to achieve economic development that allows poverty to be overcome, particularly in countries with small, vulnerable economies.
38. As a Member of the WTO, Nicaragua has demonstrated full confidence in the global trading system by firmly supporting the commitments assumed in the Doha Development Agenda (DDA), adopted at the fourth Doha Ministerial Conference in November 2001. This focused on pressing ahead with the reform and liberalization of trade policies, to enable developing and least developed countries to participate more effectively in the multilateral trading system and achieve profitable and meaningful integration into the world economy.
39. In this context, as an eminently agricultural country, Nicaragua has high hopes for the effective fulfilment of commitments for substantial improvements in market access, elimination of all forms of export subsidies, and substantial reductions in agricultural trade-distorting domestic support, where special and differential treatment for developing countries should be an integral part of all elements of the negotiation. It is also hoping for the successful conclusion of the mandates relating to trade in services, non-agricultural products and other issues of special interest in these negotiations.
40. Although the DDA has not moved forward with the priority that had been hoped for, and the Hong Kong Ministerial Conference held on 13-18 December 2005 did not encompass all of the aspirations of developing countries, Nicaragua remains confident in the system and is lobbying Members, and particularly those with greater negotiating power, to ensure that the DDA fulfils its objectives of open and non-discriminatory trade. The Government of Nicaragua welcomes the decision taken (for the first time in a negotiating round) regarding the need to expand aid for trade so as to create supply capacity and the infrastructure needed to apply the WTO Agreements, benefit from them, and expand trade.
41. It is hoped that such aid will more specifically address the concerns of small and vulnerable economies, such as Nicaragua, which needs additional resources to be able to raise competitiveness to levels enabling it to meet its commitments and take advantage of trade opportunities. Among other things, aid for trade would involve development of port services, roads, telecommunications, increased levels of power generation, transmission and distribution, and technological development.
42. Substantial progress has been made in modernizing the legal framework, to make it more consistent and in harmony with the WTO Agreements, leading to an improvement in the business climate and responding to international market requirements.
IV. NICARAGUA'S TRADE POLICY
43. The general objective of Nicaragua's trade policy continues on the path embarked upon in 1990 to integrate more deeply and efficiently into the international economy, in keeping with its growth strategy. This includes greater openness and trade liberalization, in conjunction with export promotion, guarantees of a stable legal framework to attract both domestic and foreign investment, and the consolidation of multilateral, regional, subregional and bilateral trading links.
44. Nicaragua maintains free trade in goods and services with several countries on the American continent; in general it has eliminated import and export prohibitions, except for those which legitimately safeguard human, animal or plant health, the environment, and national security. It does not apply subsidies that distort trade, production and exports.
45. It has continued to simplify and streamline bureaucratic procedures in foreign trade, by improving the legal and institutional framework, signing trade agreements, and simplifying the tariff structure.
46. Nicaragua also aims to eliminate anti-export bias and diversify its products and destination markets, with measures such as gradual tariff reduction, elimination of non-tariff barriers through tax reforms, and the formulation of policies to promote exports, investment and tourism.
47. The free-zone regime has been strengthened, by giving incentives such as exemption from tariffs and income tax through the Law on Export Processing Zones, Decree No. 46-91, and the regulations and amendments thereto.
(1) TREND OF THE EXTERNAL SECTOR (1999-2004)
48. The results of the country's trade policy, within its economic engagement strategy, are reflected in its external trade performance during the reporting period.
49. The value of merchandise exports grew by an appreciable average of 8.3 per cent per year in 1999-2004, attaining a level of US$759.9 million (f.o.b.) in 2004 — a 14-year high.
50. Although traditional exports account for 54 per cent of the total export basket, non-traditional products have grown faster during the period, averaging 11.2 per cent per year, compared to 6.2 per cent in the case of traditional exports.
51. Nonetheless, the Nicaraguan economy remains relatively undiversified, with 60 per cent of its export value in 2004 concentrated in a handful of products: coffee, sugar, meat, seafood, peanuts, livestock, and beans and cheeses. Its export destination markets are also highly concentrated. In 2004, 74 per cent of exports went to just six countries: the United States, El Salvador, Honduras, Costa Rica, Mexico and Canada.
52. Imports grew more slowly than exports (averaging 5.5 per cent per year on a c.i.f. basis); but they still reached significant levels in 2004 (US$2,256 million), since purchases of oil and petroleum products tripled during the period as a result of the sustained rise in international crude oil prices.
53. The composition of imports shows significant changes in terms of economic destination. In 2004, consumer goods accounted for 33 per cent of total imports, growing at an average annual rate of 6.3 per cent. The behaviour of international oil prices is clearly reflected in total imports, with purchases of oil and petroleum products rising from 9.7 per cent of the total in 1999 to 19.3 per cent in 2004. On the other hand, whereas the share of intermediate goods imports was broadly unchanged during the period, imports of capital goods shrank from 32 per cent of the total in 1999 to just 18 per cent in 2004.

54. This has resulted in a growing trade deficit, which averaged US$1,098 million per year, equivalent to 27 per cent of GDP. In contrast, the current-account deficit narrowed during the period from 24.9 per cent of GDP in 1999 to 15.5 per cent in 2004, and was financed mainly by external cooperation flows and family remittances.
(2) TRADE AGREEMENTS
55. To complement its trade liberalization policies, Nicaragua has strengthened trade agreements signed earlier with Mexico and the Dominican Republic; it is in the process of completing negotiations for other free trade agreements with Panama, Canada and Chile; and it is also participating in negotiations for the creation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA), where it is demanding special treatment for smaller economies such as Nicaragua.
56. During the reporting period, Nicaragua also subscribed to a major trade agreement between Central America, the Dominican Republic and the United States, known as CAFTA-DR, with the aim of ensuring better access for products in which Nicaragua has revealed comparative advantages, and for sensitive products. This treaty involves a gradual tariff reduction process, both linear and non-linear, with grace periods allowing up to 20 years' protection; it also includes the application of special agricultural safeguards and elimination of export subsidies in agricultural trade.
57. This is a broad-scope treaty that includes regulations on trade in goods and services, foreign investment, government procurement, labour rights, the environment and intellectual property; and, for the first time, it includes a comprehensive cooperation agenda.
(3) CENTRAL AMERICAN INTEGRATION
58. Integration in the framework of the Central American Common Market (CACM) has made considerable progress, with the reduction of virtually all barriers to intra-regional trade, except for a few sensitive products. Substantial progress has been made to date on tariff, migratory and health issues, in the customs union framework. Of a total of 6,194 headings, 94.6 per cent of the tariff universe has been harmonized; progress has also been made on the common customs regulations adapted to the new international trade requirements, which includes the Central American Uniform Customs Code (CAUCA III), approved by Resolution No. 85-2002 of 19 June 2002, and is valid for the five countries. On 12 December 2002, Resolution No. 101-2002 (Regulations to the Central American Uniform Customs Code (RECAUCA)) was approved for the implementation of CAUCA III. Further modernization of customs regulations is ongoing.
59. There is also a Central American Regulations on the Valuation of Goods for Customs Purposes; COMIECO Resolution 115.2004, approved on 28 June 2004, to ensure customs valuation of merchandise imported or brought into the Central American customs territory, whether or not subject to duties and taxes under Article VII of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 (GATT 1994). As a result, the countries fulfil the commitment adopted in the WTO, and have a uniform valuation system in place throughout the region.
60. In terms of free movement of goods and services, free trade is accorded only to goods originating from Central American countries, except for those included in Annex "A" (coffee, unroasted; cane sugar; petroleum products; ethyl alcohol; distilled alcoholic beverages; and coffee, roasted) of the General Treaty on Central American Economic Integration.
61. The following regulations have been implemented to improve the free trade zone: origin of goods, international customs overland transit, declaration form and instructions, standardization measures, metrology and authorization procedures, unfair trade practices, safeguard measures (with third parties), dispute settlement mechanisms, among others.
62. In the tax harmonization area, taxes that need to be harmonized were identified, both on imports and on intra-regional transactions. The Convention on Mutual Assistance and Technical Cooperation was approved between Central American tax and customs administrations.
63. Central American Regulations on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Procedures, main instrument, approved in 1999.
· Central American Regulations on Standardization Measures, Metrology and Authorization Procedures; main instrument, approved in 1999.

· Regulations on International Customs Overland Transit, approved on 16 March 2001.

· Work on registration is ongoing with the following subgroups: food and beverages, medicines and similar products, agricultural inputs and hydrocarbons.

· Major progress has been made in standardizing criteria and procedures for the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures, and in mechanisms for cooperation between the institutions responsible for animal and plant health in the five countries.
V. ECONOMIC AND TRADE PROSPECTS
64. The National Development Plan identifies GDP growth and increased exports as the keys to economic sustainability, through successful engagement by Nicaragua in regional and international markets.
65. Although Nicaragua's exports have been on a rising trend since 2001, their initial level is so low that a major boost in terms of sector development and sustainability is needed to close the trade gap. Export expansion is crucial for economic growth and poverty reduction, as a way to address fiscal, external, environmental, social, and institutional sustainability needs — in other words the viability of Nicaragua itself.
66. The Nicaraguan Government is designing industrial policy to revive the sector and make it more competitive, with more diversified production and exports containing higher value-added. This policy, which is consistent with the PND, sees private enterprise as the leading player and involves coordination with the education sector to develop comprehensive and competitive human talent to guarantee its sustainability. This policy will be implemented from late 2006 onwards.
67. The Government has designed three sector-level programmes for implementation of the PND. The PRORURAL programme seeks to achieve a competitive position for the country's agriculture in a situation of trade openness and globalization. The main policy guidelines aim to promote sustainable agricultural and forestry development; a more efficient factor market to optimize use of productive resources by fostering an investment-friendly business climate; technology generation and access as a key factor for agricultural development; and better access to financial resources, enabling farmers to capitalize their resources through funding for profitable and higher value-added investment projects.
68. The strategic objective of the Nicaraguan Microenterprise and Small- and Medium-Sized Business Support Programme (PROMIPYME) is to enhance and consolidate the competitiveness of microenterprises and SMEs, to enable them to engage more effectively in national and international markets, to provide quality jobs and incomes for their owners and workers, and help bring about a substantial reduction in poverty levels among the Nicaraguan population. The programme has three components: improvement of the policy and strategy framework; promotion of the competitive and productive capacity of prioritized microenterprises and SMEs; prioritization and promotion of their export capacity, and exploitation of trade agreements.
69. The programme aims to promote sustainable development and add the dimension of environmental and natural resource management to the country's economic, social and institutional development policies and strategies. It covers issues such as environmental quality, trade and the environment, protected areas, biodiversity and natural resources, clean development mechanisms for climate change, prevention and mitigation of natural disasters, deconcentration and decentralization, environmental education, and others.
70. On the basis of these plans and programmes, the Government is seeking to energize the national economy and attain average annual growth rates of 5 per cent over the period 2005-2011.
71. As a follow-up to structural reforms, the Law on the Superintendency of Banks and Other Financial Institutions and the Deposits Guarantee Law (FOGADE) will both be modernized, with a view to improving the intervention process and protecting their operation from political interference; the Tax Code, the law on banks, the law on reciprocal guarantee companies and reforms to municipal transfers will also be adopted. All of this aims to ensure transparent use of resources and promote the country's productive capacity.
72. In the trade policy area, efforts to strengthen negotiations and the implementation of trade treaties will be maintained, to contribute to Nicaragua's successful engagement in world trade and the global economy, and thereby make the most of the opportunities created by these treaties, which promise greater export access. Such efforts include the following: negotiations with Chinese Taipei, implementation of CAFTA-DR with the United States in 2006, and establishment of a trade agreement with the European Union.
73. The priorities to be addressed include expanding production and creating economic infrastructure, and strengthening capacity to effectively administer the rights and obligations assumed in trade agreements, with a view to making the most of the opportunities they offer.
74. In short the Government of Nicaragua expects to persevere with its policy of trade openness, export promotion, attraction of foreign investment and strengthening of trade links. It also trusts that developed country WTO Members and international and regional financial organizations will offer further openness and make additional resources available for trade, both of which contribute to the development of small economies such as Nicaragua.

ANNEX I: REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ESTABLISHED SINCE 1999

A. Foreign investment, exports and free zones
· Law on Temporary Admission for Inward Export Processing , Law No. 382, April 2001, and its Regulations, Decree No. 80-2001, September 2001.
· Foreign Investments Promotion Law, Law No. 344, May 2000, and its Regulations, Decree No. 43-2000, October 2000.
B. Customs
· Regulations on International Customs Overland Transit, Declaration Form and Instructions, September 2001.
· Customs Valuation Law and amendments to Law No. 265, Establishing Self-Clearance for Imports, Exports and Other Regimes, Law No. 421, June 2002.
C. Financial and banking sector
· Law on Narcotic Drugs, Psychotropic Substances and Other Controlled Substances; Laundering of Money and Assets Arising from Illegal Activities, Law No. 285, April 1999.
· General Law on Banks, Non-Banking Financial Institutions and Financial Groups, Law No. 314, October 1999.
· Law on Deposits Guarantee in Financial System Institutions, Law No. 371, January 2001.
D. Intellectual Property
· Law for the Protection of Programme-Carrying Satellite Signals, Law No. 322, and its Regulation No. 44-2000.
· Law on the Protection of New Plant Varieties, Law No. 318, November 1999, and its Regulation No. 37-2000.
· Law on Trademarks and Other Distinctive Signs, Law No. 380, April 2001 and its Regulation, Decree No. 83-2001.
· Law on Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Designs, Law No. 354, September 2000, and its Regulation, Decree No. 88-2001.
· Law on the Protection of Layout-Designs of Integrated Circuits, Law No. 324, February 2000, and its Regulation, Decree No. 38-2001.
· International Classification of Trademarks and Patents, Ministerial Agreement No. 082-2002, January 2003.
E. Legal framework governing taxation
· Tax Equity Law, Law No. 453, May 2003, and its Regulation, Decree No. 46-2003, June 2003.
F. Environment and natural resources
· Law on Fishing and Aquaculture, Law No. 489, December 2004.
· Basic Law on Animal and Plant Health, Law No. 291, published in La Gaceta No. 136 of 22 July 1998, and its Regulation, Decree No. 2-99, January 1999.
· Special Law on Mineral Exploration and Exploitation, Law No. 387, August 2001, and its Regulation, Decree No. 119-2001, January 2002.
· Administrative Procedure and Requirements for Granting Special Permits for the Use of Mangrove Swamps, Wetlands, and Related Resources, Ministerial Resolution No. 26-2002, August 2002.
· Law No. 462, Law on the Conservation, Promotion and Sustainable Development of the Forestry Sector, September 2003, and its Regulation, Decree No. 73-2003, November 2003.
· Establishment of Regulations for Issuing Environmental Permits in the National System of Protected Areas of Nicaragua, Ministerial Resolution No. 9-2003, April 2003.
G. Health
· Law on Medicines and Pharmacies, Law No. 292, June 1998, and its Regulation No. 6-99, February 1999.
· General Health Law, Law No. 423, May 2002.
H. Tourism
· Law on Incentives for the Tourism Industry of the Republic of Nicaragua, Law No. 306, June 1999.
· Regulation on Tourism Enterprises and Activities of Nicaragua, May 2001.
· Regulation on Travel Agencies of Nicaragua, May 2001.
· Regulation on Tourist Guides, February 2001.
· Regulation on Pricing, Reservations and Complementary Services in Tourism Accommodation, Administrative Agreement, May 2001.
· Regulation on Guesthouses, Food, Beverages and Entertainment, October 2001.
· General Tourism Law, Law No. 495, September 2004.
I. Energy
· Electricity Industry Law; Law No. 272, April 1998, and its amendments, Decree No. 128-99, December 1999.
· Law on the Exploration and Exploitation of Geothermal Resources, Law No. 443, November 2002, and its Regulation, Decree No. 003-2003, January 2003.
· Law for the Promotion of the Hydroelectric Subsector, Law No. 467, September 2003, and its Regulation, Decree No. 72-2003, November 2003.
J. Water
· Concession of Exclusive Water Use Rights to Hidrogesa, Ministerial Agreement No. 001-aguas/February 2002.
· Law on the Suspension of Water Use Concessions, Law No. 440, August 2003.
K. Telecommunications
· General Law on Telecommunications and Postal Services, Law No. 200, August 1995, and its amendments, Law No. 326, December 1999.
· Law on the Incorporation of Private Individuals in the Operation and Expansion of Public Telecommunications Services, Law No. 210, December 1995, and its amendments, April 2001.



ANNEX II: APPENDIX TABLES

Table No. 1
Main macroeconomic indicators
Concept 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004p
Economic activity and employment
GDP at 1994 prices (growth rate) 7.0 4.1 3.0 0.8 2.5 5.1
Per capita GDP (growth rate) 1.9 2.4 1.5 (4.4) (0.7) 6.8
Unemployment rate (% labour force)1 10.7 9.8 10.7 10.7 11.7 6.5
Prices and exchange rates
Annual inflation 7.2 9.9 4.6 4.0 6.6 8.9
Annual depreciation (growth rate) 10.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 5.0
Average exchange rate (C$ x US$) 11.81 12.68 13.44 14.25 15.11 15.94
Exchange rate at end of period (C$ x US$) 12.32 13.06 13.84 14.67 15.55 16.33
Average wage/cost of basic basket ratio (%) 136.02 137.00 149.05 151.99 150.45 148.55
External sector
Current account deficit (-) (% GDP) (24.9) (21.3) (19.5) (17.3) (15.9) (15.5)
F.o.b. exports (US$ million)2 509.2 629.4 532.3 558.7 610.9 759.9
F.o.b. imports (US$ million)2 1,572.2 1,575.5 1,616.9 1,630.4 1,743.0 2,050.2
Gross international reserves (US$ million) 512.9 496.7 382.8 454.2 504.2 670.4
External debt balance (US$ million) 6,548.9 6,659.9 6,374.2 6,362.7 6,595.8 5,390.6
Non-financial public sector (% GDP)
Tax burden 14.8 14.5 13.4 14.2 15.9 16.5
Current savings 5.1 2.8 0.5 2.9 3.6 6.0
Net operating profit 0.5 (1.3) (3.6) 0.5 0.6 2.4
Primary operating profit 2.4 1.0 (1.4) 2.7 3.7 4.5
Effective surplus or deficit before grants (6.9) (8.9) (9.6) (5.1) (6.1) (5.0)
Effective surplus or deficit after grants (1.8) (4.4) (6.6) (1.9) (2.3) (1.3)
External financing 11.0 7.9 6.2 6.8 9.1 9.6
Internal financing (4.0) 1.0 3.4 (1.7) (3.0) (4.8)
Monetary sector (growth rate)
Monetary base 27.6 (0.5) 23.5 7.6 24.2 18.8
Total deposits 23.2 4.8 12.2 13.5 13.8 16.7
M3A 23.7 4.5 12.1 13.0 14.3 17.3
Productive credit balance 39.9 (16.1) (13.4) 14.8 26.2 27.5
Short-term lending rate (%) 18.3 19.7 20.2 15.7 14.4 12.5
Savings interest rate in C$ (%) 12.3 12.5 8.1 5.0 3.5 3.3
Short-term lending rate in US$ (%) 15.2 15.6 16.5 11.9 11.4 10.0
Savings interest rate in US$ (%) 9.0 9.8 5.4 3.5 2.8 2.6
Memorandum (C$ million)
GDP (at 1994 prices) 26,008.9 27,075.7 27,877.4 28,087.5 28,795.5 30,276.5
GDP (current C$ million) 44,197.8 49,952.0 55,155.3 57,376.3 61,958.5 71,660.8
GDP (US$ million) 3,742.7 3,938.1 4,102.4 4,026.0 4,101.5 4,496.4
Per capita GDP (US$) 758.3 776.5 788.2 753.7 748.1 799.2
Gross National Income 41,873.7 47,392.2 51,924.6 54,520.4 59,077.7 68,596.1
Current savings 2,250.0 1,379.7 260.8 1,646.5 2,232.0 4,274.6
Effective surplus or deficit before grants (3,069.1) (4,451.4) (5,281.6) (2,903.1) (3,754.8) (3,565.5)
Monetary base 1,906.3 1,896.9 3,366.3 3,623.2 4,498.4 5,345.5
Total deposits 17,562.8 18,413.7 20,654.6 23,447.6 26,682.1 31,126.1
M3A 19,297.6 20,167.9 22,604.1 25,533.4 29,188.7 34,229.4
Productive credit balance 13,460.9 11,294.1 9,783.2 11,228.2 14,173.9 18,075.7
p Preliminary figures.
1 Source: Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN) for data on employment and unemployment for the period 1999 – 2003. For 2004, Ministry of Labour (MITRAB) only.
2 Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIFIC).

Table. No. 2
Gross domestic product, population, and exchange rate
GDP Per capita GDP Average exchange rate (C$ per US$) Population
Year C$ million 1980 C$ million1 Growth rate US$ million 1980 US$ million1 1980 US$1 Growth rate Inhabitants(in thousands)
1960 2,348.4 10,303.1 335.5 1,030.3 668.3 7.00 1,541.7
1961 2,526.9 11,075.6 7.5 361.0 1,107.6 695.8 4.1 7.00 1,591.8
1962 2,783.0 12,281.8 10.9 397.6 1,228.2 747.3 7.4 7.00 1,643.5
1963 3,075.6 13,616.3 10.9 439.4 1,361.6 802.4 7.4 7.00 1,696.9
1964 3,590.3 15,209.2 11.7 512.9 1,520.9 868.1 8.2 7.00 1,752.0
1965 3,965.8 16,657.9 9.5 566.5 1,665.8 920.9 6.1 7.00 1,808.9
1966 4,246.7 17,207.8 3.3 606.7 1,720.8 921.3 0.0 7.00 1,867.8
1967 4,600.2 18,407.1 7.0 657.2 1,840.7 954.5 3.6 7.00 1,928.5
1968 4,871.3 18,654.3 1.3 695.9 1,865.4 936.8 (1.8) 7.00 1,991.3
1969 5,235.8 19,817.9 6.2 748.0 1,981.8 963.9 2.9 7.00 2,056.0
1970 5,436.1 20,086.2 1.4 776.6 2,008.6 946.2 (1.8) 7.00 2,122.9
1971 5,786.0 20,750.0 3.3 826.6 2,075.0 946.2 0.0 7.00 2,193.0
1972 6,165.9 21,210.8 2.2 880.8 2,121.1 936.3 (1.0) 7.00 2,265.4
1973 7,655.0 22,571.9 6.4 1,093.6 2,257.2 964.5 3.0 7.00 2,340.2
1974 10,646.3 25,775.4 14.2 1,520.9 2,577.5 1,066.2 10.5 7.00 2,417.5
1975 11,133.0 25,735.9 (0.2) 1,590.4 2,573.6 1,030.6 (3.3) 7.00 2,497.3
1976 12,935.1 27,076.6 5.2 1,847.9 2,707.7 1,050.9 2.0 7.00 2,576.4
1977 15,679.0 29,342.5 8.4 2,239.9 2,934.3 1,103.9 5.0 7.00 2,658.0
1978 14,994.9 27,042.4 (7.8) 2,142.1 2,704.2 986.1 (10.7) 7.00 2,742.3
1979 14,514.6 19,881.9 (26.5) 1,612.7 1,988.2 702.8 (28.7) 9.00 2,829.1
1980 20,798.8 20,798.8 4.6 2,079.9 2,079.9 712.6 1.4 10.00 2,918.8
1981 24,482.9 21,914.3 5.4 2,448.3 2,191.4 728.2 2.2 10.00 3,009.3
1982 28,349.4 21,735.4 (0.8) 2,725.9 2,173.5 700.5 (3.8) 10.40 3,102.7
1983 32,920.1 22,738.1 4.6 2,511.1 2,273.8 710.8 1.5 13.11 3,198.9
1984 45,030.0 22,382.0 (1.6) 2,777.9 2,238.2 678.6 (4.5) 16.21 3,298.1
1985 115,404.1 21,468.4 (4.1) 2,508.8 2,146.8 631.3 (7.0) 46.00 3,400.4
1986 435,742.3 21,250.0 (1.0) 2,204.2 2,125.0 610.4 (3.3) 197.69 3,481.1
1987 2,695,849.6 21,099.9 (0.7) 2,230.9 2,110.0 592.1 (3.0) 1,208.42 3,563.8
1988a 323,624.9 18,473.0 (12.4) 1,449.3 1,847.3 506.3 (14.5) 223.30 3,648.4
1989 15,273,849.1 18,151.9 (1.7) 1,020.6 1,815.2 486.0 (4.0) 14,965.10 3,735.1
1990 1,159,031,974.0 18,142.4 (0.1) 1,516.7 1,814.2 474.5 (2.4) 764,197.50 3,823.7
1991b 7,220.6 18,108.0 (0.2) 1,604.6 1,810.8 459.9 (3.1) 4.50 3,937.4
1992 8,964.0 18,178.0 0.4 1,792.8 1,817.8 448.4 (2.5) 5.00 4,054.4
1993 10,749.5 18,106.6 (0.4) 1,756.3 1,810.7 433.7 (3.3) 6.12 4,174.9
1994 20,008.4 20,008.4 3.3 2,976.2 2,976.2 692.3 0.4 6.723 4,298.9
1995 24,029.3 21,191.3 5.9 3,191.3 3,152.1 712.1 2.9 7.530 4,426.7
1996 28,008.7 22,535.7 6.3 3,320.3 3,352.1 736.9 3.5 8.435 4,548.8
1997 31,967.1 23,429.6 4.0 3,382.8 3,485.1 745.6 1.2 9.450 4,674.2
1998 37,804.5 24,299.2 3.7 3,573.2 3,614.4 752.5 0.9 10.580 4,803.1
1999 44,197.8 26,008.9 7.0 3,742.7 3,868.7 783.8 4.2 11.809 4,935.6
2000 49,952.0 27,075.7 4.1 3,938.1 4,027.4 794.1 1.3 12.684 5,071.7
2001 55,155.3 27,877.4 3.0 4,102.4 4,146.6 796.7 0.3 13.445 5,205.0
2002 57,376.3 28,087.5 0.8 4,026.0 4,177.9 782.1 (1.8) 14.251 5,341.9
2003 61,958.5 28,795.5 2.5 4,101.5 4,283.2 781.3 (0.1) 15.106 5,482.3
2000p 71,660.8 30,276.5 5.1 4,496.4 4,503.5 800.4 2.4 15.937 5,626.5
a 1988 – 1990, new C$
b C$
1 From 1994, the data is in constant 1994 prices.
p Preliminary figures.
Source: 1960-1979 and 1989-1999, Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN).
1980-1988, Secretariat of Planning and Budget (SPP).

Table No. 3
Public external debt balance, 1999-2004
Concept 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2000p
Balance in US$ million
Bilateral organizations 4,084 4,124 3,741 4,387 3,437 2,110
Multilateral organizations 2,170 2,260 2,343 1,931 2,916 3,061
Commercial 294 276 290 44 242 220
Total 6,549 6,660 6,374 6,362 6,596 5,391
Debt/GDP (%) 175.0 169.1 155.4 158.0 160.8 119.9
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN).

Table No. 4
Fiscal adjustment
(Non-financial public sector: consolidated operations)
Concept 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004p
In relation to GDP
Total revenue 24.5 23.9 20.1 21.2 22.8 25.1
Total expenditure 31.4 32.8 29.6 26.3 28.9 30.1
Current expenditure 19.4 21.1 19.6 18.3 19.2 19.1
Capital expenditure 12.0 11.7 10.1 7.9 9.7 10.9
Current deficit or savings 5.1 2.8 0.5 2.9 3.6 6.0
Overall deficit before grants 6.9 8.9 9.6 5.1 6.1 5.0
Overall deficit after grants -1.8 -4.4 -6.6 -1.9 -2.3 -1.3
Primary savings 7.1 5.0 2.7 5.1 6.7 8.1
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Ministry of Finance and Public Credit (MHCP), Municipal Government of Managua (ALMA), Social Security Institute (INSS), state-owned enterprises and Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN).

Table No. 5
Adjustment of the financial system
Concept 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2000p
Number of commercial banks 11 9 6 6 6 7
State 1
Private 10 9 6 6 6 7
In relation to GDP
Total deposits 39.9 37.0 37.5 40.9 43.1 43.5
In local currency 12.9 11.0 10.9 11.2 13.0 13.5
State banks 0.3 - - - - -
Private banks 12.6 11.0 10.9 11.2 13.0 13.5
In foreign currency 27.1 26.0 26.7 29.7 30.1 30.0
State banks 0.1 - - - - -
Private banks 26.9 26.0 26.7 29.7 30.1 30.0
Private sector credit 32.3 25.8 18.0 19.7 23.8 26.2
State banks 0.3 - - - - -
Private banks 32.0 25.8 18.0 19.7 23.8 26.2
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN).

Table No. 6
Adjustment in the balance of payments
Concept 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2000p
In relation to GDP
Current account deficit1 37.1 31.6 31.2 30.5 30.9 30.4
Current account deficit 24.9 21.3 19.5 17.3 15.9 15.5
Services account deficit 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.8 2.6 2.3
Exports (f.o.b.) 14.6 16.3 14.4 13.9 14.7 16.8
Imports (f.o.b.) 45.4 42.0 39.4 39.7 41.9 44.7
External debt servicing 4.6 4.7 4.0 3.9 2.5 1.7
Interest 2.0 1.8 1.3 0.9 0.8 0.6
1 Excluding transfers.
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Central Bank of Nicaragua (BCN).

Table No. 7
Nominal protection by economic sector
Description 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Agriculture and livestock production 7.44 7.69 9.23 9.21 9.77 9.82 9.78
Hunting and trapping 8.75 8.75 13.13 13.13 12.50 6.25 12.50
Forestry 1.20 1.20 0.87 0.87 0.80 0.43 1.20
Logging - 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fishing 8.29 8.29 9.83 9.75 9.24 9.25 9.16
Coal mining 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
Petroleum and natural gas production 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 8.00 7.84 0.00
Metal ore mining 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 1.38 0.63
Other mining 1.92 1.92 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.28 2.24
Manufacture of food products, except beverages andtobacco 9.09 9.08 11.79 11.52 11.77 12.52 13.78
Manufacture of food products not elsewhere specified 6.20 6.20 8.01 7.92 7.93 7.95 8.98
Beverages industries 9.84 9.48 10.03 11.32 12.08 12.37 13.00
Tobacco manufactures 6.25 6.25 6.25 8.75 10.00 10.00 l0.00
Manufacture of textiles 5.18 5.18 5.81 5.81 5.76 5.80 5.73
Manufacture of wearing apparel, except footwear 9.85 9.85 14.64 14.64 14.64 14.64 14.64
Manufacture of footwear, except vulcanized rubber footwear 8.21 8.21 9.49 11.38 8.45 8.42 9.33
Manufacture of wood and wood products, except furniture 5.09 5.09 5.95 5.93 5.66 6.80 8.25
Manufacture of furniture and fixtures, except of metal 9.63 9.63 14.63 14.63 13.89 13.62 14.04
Manufacture of paper and paper products 2.40 2.40 2.71 2.69 3.07 3.29 4.90
Printing, publishing and allied industries 4.11 4.11 5.89 5.89 5.64 5.64 5.61
Manufacture of industrial chemicals 0.85 0.85 0.88 0.88 1.07 1.18 1.32
Manufacture of other chemical products 3.07 3.07 4.03 4.01 3.97 4.62 4.62
Petroleum refineries 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.28 6.76 6.19 4.59
Manufacture of miscellaneous products of petroleum and coal 2.92 2.92 2.92 2.92 3.00 3.13 3.50
Manufacture of rubber products 3.64 3.64 3.91 3.55 3.90 3.93 5.05
Manufacture of plastic products not elsewhere classified 5.78 5.78 6.88 6.81 6.83 7.18 7.84
Manufacture of pottery, china and earthenware 6.76 6.76 10.00 10.00 9.69 8.42 9.69
Manufacture of glass and glass products 3.02 3.02 3.88 3.94 3.54 3.94 4.10
Manufacture of other non?metallic mineral products 3.13 3.13 3.19 3.19 3.33 3.58 7.56
Iron and steel basic industries 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.47 1.43 2.65
Non?ferrous metal basic industries 1.01 1.01 0.99 0.93 1.10 0.90 1.76
Fabricated metal products except machinery and equipment 3.15 3.15 3.65 3.65 3.46 3.73 4.46
Manufacture of machinery except electrical 1.03 1.03 1.37 1.37 1.42 1.55 1.81
Manufacture of electrical machinery apparatus and appliances 2.89 2.89 3.81 3.74 3.62 4.38 4.33
Manufacture of transport equipment 4.69 4.69 4.86 4.88 5.07 4.90 5.37
Manufacture of professional and scientific equipment 2.33 2.33 3.05 2.93 2.97 3.23 3.31
Other manufacturing industries 6.17 6.19 7.73 7.73 7.63 8.83 8.55
Average 4.15 4.17 5.14 5.12 5.17 5.45 5.82
Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIFIC).

Table No. 8
Foreign trade
(US$ million)
Year Exp. f.o.b. Imp. CIF Balance
Value Variation % Value Variation % Value
1999 509.2 (10.2) 1,723.1 12.1 (1,213.9)
2000 629.4 23.6 1,720.6 (0.1) (1,091.3)
2001 532.3 (15.4) 1,774.9 3.2 (1,242.6)
2002 558.7 5.0 1,788.4 0.8 (1,229.7)
2003 610.9 9.4 1,904.1 6.5 (1,293.2)
2004p 759.9 24.4 2,256.1 18.5 (1,496.3)
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIFIC).

Table No. 9
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section
(US$ million)
No. Harmonized System section 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004p
Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp.
Quota - - - - 0.01 15.61 0.01 33.18 0.00 41.99 - 66.46
Household goods 0.02 0.63 0.14 1.14 0.48 1.27 0.84 2.37 0.52 0.71 0.58 0.30
I Live animals; animal products 156.49 36.16 231.83 39.56 156.42 43.06 220.22 26.50 233.41 23.88 283.91 24.55
II Vegetable products 198.08 122.15 231.22 79.46 173.01 79.15 148.67 71.62 172.48 64.20 226.33 60.27
III Animal or vegetable fats and oils 2.37 47.97 0.65 40.16 5.08 45.11 3.19 42.88 6.55 56.89 7.98 62.66
IV Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco and tobacco substitutes 67.14 116.62 74.76 117.30 84.01 126.78 69.35 132.42 75.99 136.08 97.88 156.56
V Mineral products 4.84 162.61 10.86 325.23 9.49 320.62 11.30 278.43 10.39 357.34 9.61 467.83
VI Products of the chemical or allied industries 4.39 249.14 7.72 231.86 10.22 261.72 10.18 262.21 15.10 303.25 18.40 349.33
VII Plastics, rubber and articles thereof 2.44 88.52 3.74 89.62 4.74 94.01 3.83 98.87 4.11 96.65 4.56 118.17
VIII Raw hides and skins, leather and saddlery 4.02 5.38 5.16 4.18 7.39 4.30 5.80 5.38 5.50 4.07 7.86 4.90
IX Wood, wood charcoal, cork and articles thereof 12.10 3.84 16.43 4.37 16.27 5.13 18.22 3.50 16.60 4.20 14.98 5.04
X Wood pulp, paper and paperboard 0.62 59.44 1.21 64.75 1.86 66.76 1.30 74.03 2.91 72.56 3.27 84.26
XI Textiles and textile articles 3.53 62.78 3.31 49.34 2.23 43.11 1.55 52.29 1.72 51.50 1.91 52.66
XII Footwear, hats and other headgear 3.39 13.39 2.70 14.33 2.13 15.05 1.59 16.29 1.20 16.85 0.98 18.95
XIII Articles of stone, glass and ceramics 7.01 30.31 6.41 33.35 8.97 32.31 10.61 29.21 11.34 33.14 12.18 39.31
XIV Pearls, precious metals and articles thereof 31.04 0.26 22.94 0.28 30.24 1.80 35.40 0.77 35.34 1.62 48.90 1.35
XV Base metals and articles thereof 3.24 138.19 4.90 131.84 11.33 127.85 9.08 118.03 9.21 119.85 12.34 164.91
XVI Machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment, etc. 4.51 323.87 3.28 247.46 5.70 257.90 4.49 285.85 5.60 312.18 5.49 339.72
Table No. 9 (cont'd)
XVII Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment 1.11 188.67 0.79 179.70 1.18 150.33 1.72 155.60 1.02 113.84 1.01 134.04
XVIII Optical, photographic instruments, etc. 0.72 35.89 0.24 25.31 0.23 39.50 0.22 51.74 0.28 50.73 0.47 48.93
XIX Arms and ammunition 0.96 2.15 0.00 1.10 0.02 1.65 0.00 1.26 0.00 0.82 - 1.39
XX Miscellaneous manufactured articles 1.13 35.00 1.06 40.01 1.24 41.57 1.14 45.83 1.57 41.60 1.21 54.44
XXI Works of art and antiques 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.26 0.01 0.25 0.02 0.13 0.09 0.19 0.02 0.08
TOTAL 509.1 1,723.1 629.4_ 1,720.6 532.2 1,774.8 558.7 1,788.4 610.9 1,904.1 759.8 2,256.1
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIFIC).

Table No. 10
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section
(Per cent)
No. Harmonized System section 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004p
Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp.
Quota - - - - 0.00 0.88 0.00 1.86 0.00 2.21 - 2.95
Household goods 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.09 0.07 0.15 0.13 0.09 0.04 0.08 0.01
I Live animals; animal products 30.74 2.10 36.84 2.30 29.39 2.43 39.42 1.48 38.21 1.25 37.36 1.09
II Vegetable products 38.90 7.09 36.74 4.62 32.51 4.46 26.61 4.00 28.23 3.37 29.79 2.67
III Animal or vegetable fats and oils 0.47 2.78 0.10 2.33 0.95 2.54 0.57 2.40 1.07 2.99 1.05 2.78
IV Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco and tobacco substitutes 13.19 6.77 11.88 6.82 15.78 7.14 12.41 7.40 12.44 7.15 12.88 6.94
V Mineral products 0.95 9.44 1.72 18.90 1.78 18.06 2.02 15.57 1.70 18.77 1.26 20.74
VI Products of the chemical or allied industries 0.86 14.46 1.23 13.48 1.92 14.75 1.82 14.66 2.47 15.93 2.42 15.48
VII Plastics, rubber and articles thereof 0.48 5.14 0.59 5.21 0.89 5.30 0.69 5.53 0.67 5.08 0.60 5.24
VIII Raw hides and skins, leather and saddlery 0.79 0.31 0.82 0.24 1.39 0.24 1.04 0.30 0.90 0.21 1.03 0.22
IX Wood, wood charcoal, cork and articles thereof 2.38 0.22 2.61 0.25 3.06 0.29 3.26 0.20 2.72 0.22 1.97 0.22
X Wood pulp, paper and paperboard 0.12 3.45 0.19 3.76 0.35 3.76 0.23 4.14 0.48 3.81 0.43 3.73
XI Textiles and textile articles 0.69 3.64 0.53 2.87 0.42 2.43 0.28 2.92 0.28 2.70 0.25 2.33
XII Footwear, hats and other headgear 0.67 0.78 0.43 0.83 0.40 0.85 0.28 0.91 0.20 0.88 0.13 0.84
XIII Articles of stone, glass and ceramics 1.38 1.76 1.02 1.94 1.68 1.82 1.90 1.63 1.86 1.74 1.60 1.74
XIV Pearls, precious metals and articles thereof 6.10 0.02 3.64 0.02 5.68 0.10 6.34 0.04 5.78 0.09 6.43 0.06
Table No. 10 (cont'd)
XV Base metals and articles thereof 0.64 8.02 0.78 7.66 2.13 7.20 1.63 6.60 1.51 6.29 1.62 7.31
XVI Machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment, etc. 0.89 18.80 0.52 14.38 1.07 14.53 0.80 15.98 0.92 16.39 0.72 15.06
XVII Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment 0.22 10.95 0.13 10.44 0.22 8.47 0.31 8.70 0.17 5.98 0.13 5.94
XVIII Optical, photographic instruments, etc. 0.14 2.08 0.04 1.47 0.04 2.23 0.04 2.89 0.05 2.66 0.06 2.17
XIX Arms and ammunition 0.19 0.12 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.04 - 0.06
XX Miscellaneous manufactured articles 0.22 2.03 0.17 2.33 0.23 2.34 0.20 2.56 0.26 2.18 0.16 2.41
XXI Works of art and antiques 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
TOTAL 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIFIC).

Table No. 11
Foreign trade by country
(US$ million)
COUNTRY 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004p
Exp. Imp. Bal. Exp. Imp. Bal. Exp. Imp. Bal. Exp. Imp. Bal. Exp. Imp. Bal. Exp. Imp. Bal.
Poland 0 1 -1 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Sri Lanka 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -1
Luxembourg 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Puerto Rico 5 5 0 9 2 7 15 1 15 16 1 15 15 2 14 19 1 19
Hungary 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 2 -2
Bangladesh 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Romania 0 0 0 7 0 7 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Cuba 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 -0
Pakistan 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Slovak Republic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Swaziland 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Bolivia 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Greece 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0,j 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Republic of Moldova 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 1 -1
Barbados 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Czech Republic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Tunisia 0 0 0 0 0 ' 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Slovenia 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Estonia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 -2 0 0 -0 0 2 -2
Ethiopia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
South Africa 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Bulgaria 1 0 1 5 0 5 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
United Arab Emirates 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Monaco 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Jordan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0
Dominica 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Macao, China 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Morocco 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syrian Arab Republic 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Jamaica 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lithuania 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Mauritius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Malawi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 '0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iceland 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0
Myanmar 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bhutan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
New Caledonia 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Guinea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Belize (Honduras) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Egypt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Sudan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0
Côte d'Ivoire 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Islamic Republic of Iran 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Liechtenstein 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
The Gambia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Laos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Aruba 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 3 -3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Kuwait 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0
Malta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Cameroon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0
Andorra 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Zambia 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Grenada 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
French Polynesia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cambodia 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Virgin Islands (US) 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Senegal 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Lebanon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0
Table No. 11 (cont'd)
Seychelles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Gibraltar 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0
Botswana 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Zimbabwe 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ghana 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Other 1 14 -13 3 32 -29 2 38 -36 19 36 -18 25 45 -19 0 1 -1
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIFIC).

Table No. 11
Foreign trade by country
(US$ million)
COUNTRY 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004p
Exp. Imp. Bal. Exp. Imp. Bal. Exp. Imp. Bal. Exp. Imp. Bal. Exp. Imp. Bal. Exp. Imp. Bal.
United States 180 566 -387 238 417 -179 141 477 -336 202 481 -278 211 505 -294 273 499 -226
Costa Rica 27 208 -180 38 199 -161 37 188 -151 48 151 -103 49 165 -116 51 189 -139
Mexico 15 77 -62 23 87 -63 27 137 -110 21 113 -92 28 155 -127 40 165 -125
Venezuela 0 87 -87 0 202 -202 2 166 -164 3 198 -195 1 179 -178 1 276 -274
Guatemala 15 134 -119 20 142 -122 23 143 -120 23 135 -112 26 130 -104 32 152 -120
China, People's Republic of 0 4 -4 0 10 -10 0 27 -26 0 64 -64 0 83 -83 3 114 -111
Japan 3 92 -89 3 103 -99 3 71 -68 4 94 -90 4 81 -77 7 97 -89
El Salvador 68 100 -32 71 123 -52 76 111 -35 87 96 -10 104 84 21 110 109 1
Netherlands Antilles 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 78 -78
Brazil 0 10 -10 0 14 -14 0 19 -19 0 35 -35 0 50 -50 0 69 -69
Ecuador 0 13 -12 0 14 -14 1 16 -15 0 29 -29 0 32 -32 0 31 -30
Honduras 34 78 -44 36 27 9 39 23 1~ 38 8 30 43 33 11 56 52 5
Argentina 0 5 -5 0 4 -4 0 5 -5 0 6 -6 0 8 -8 0 20 -20
Spain 13 17 -3 13 17 -4 10 24 -14 11 32 -21 16 27 -11 22 29 -8
Germany 53 27 27 55 29 26 29 36 -7 13 35 -22 9 42 -33 14 42 -28
Korea, Republic of 0 18 -18 0 11 -11 0 20 -20 0 23 -23 2 24 -23 1 22 -21
Russian Federation 13 7 6 0 9 -9 43 16 27 13 13 -0 14 14 0 1 20 -19
Canada 7 20 -13 25 21 5 20 26 -6 19 19 0 21 15 6 36 22 14
Peru 0 1 -1 0 2 -2 0 3 -3 0 3 -3 0 5 -5 0 8 -8
India 0 4 -4 0 5 -5 0 6 -6 0 10 -10 0 11 -11 0 14 -14
Sweden 0 2 -1 1 1 -0 1 4 -3 1 21 -20 1 33 -32 4 6 -3
Taiwan 1 7 -6 1 8 -8 0 14 -14 0 23 -23 0 18 -18 2 16 -14
France 9 11 -2 9 7 2 6 10 -4 10 l0 0 5 11 -6 8 11 -4
Trinidad and Tobago 0 4 -4 1 17 -16 3 14 -12 0 16 -16 0 20 -20 0 18 -18
Italy 4 10 -6 4 9 -4 4 10 -6 5 12 -7 5 10 -5 6 10 -4
Belgium 20 6 14 20 9 11 8 8 -1 4 9 -5 4 11 -7 12 18 -6
Panama 4 122 -118 4 124 -120 9 70 -61 4 21 -17 5 17 -12 4 14 -10
Chile 0 5 -5 0 11 -11 0 7 -7 0 9 -9 0 12 -12 0 13 -13
Thailand 0 5 -5 0 5 -5 0 3 -3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 -8
Ukraine 0 5 -5 0 6 -6 0 5 -5 0 6 -6 0 12 -12 0 15 -15
Colombia 0 11 -11 0 4 -4 1 8 -7 0 7 -7 0 9 -8 1 9 -8
Switzerland 4 2 1 5 2 3 2 l0 -9 2 8 -5 3 10 -6 4 8 -4
United Kingdom 6 3 3 13 3 10 16 4 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 17 10 8
Malaysia 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 1 -1 0 5 -5 0 6 -6 0 10 -10
Israel 0 2 -2 0 1 -1 0 2 -2 0 10 -10 0 3 -3 0 4 -4
Norway 1 3 -2 0 2 -2 0 1 -0 0 0 -0 1 0 0 0 4 -4
Latvia 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 5 -5 0 2 -2 0 1 -1 0 1 -1
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North) 0 10 -10 0 9 -9 0 8 -8 0 8 -8 0 5 -5 1 9 -8
Netherlands 6 6 0 7 12 -5 6 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 -8
New Zealand 0 1 -1 0 3 -3 0 8 -8 0 10 -10 0 5 -5 0 6 -6
Denmark 1 2 -2 1 3 -1 1 1 -0 0 2 -2 0 1 -1 1 6 -5
Indonesia 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 2 -2 0 6 -6 0 9 -9 0 6 -6
Hong Kong 0 4 -4 0 4 -4 0 3 -3 0 4 -4 1 4 -3 1 4 -3
Singapore 0 1 -1 0 0 -0 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 2 -2
Dominican Republic 4 1 3 3 1 2 3 2 1 3 2 2 6 1 5 6 3 3
Turkey 0 1 -1 0 2 -2 0 2 -2 0 1 -1 0 2 -2 0 1 -1
Haiti 2 0 2 1 0 1 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 4 1 3
Ireland 0 1 -0 0 0 -0 0 1 -1 0 1 -1 0 2 -2 0 2 -2
Nicaragua 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 4
Kazakhstan 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 1 -1 0 1 -1
Finland 3 0 3 2 0 2 2 0 2 4 1 3 3 2 1 6 3 3
Vietnam 0 4 -4 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Austria 0 1 -0 1 1 -0 0 2 -1 1 2 -1 1 2 -1 1 1 -0
Uruguay 0 0 -0 0 1 -1 0 2 -2 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 1 -1
Table No. 11 (cont'd)
Philippines 0 0 -0 1 0 1 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 1 -1 1 1 0
Croatia 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0
Belarus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0
Portugal 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 1 0 0
Paraguay 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 0 -0 0 1 -1
Australia 0 0 -0 1 0 0 1 5 -4 1 1 -0 1 1 0 2 1 2
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIFIC).

Table No. 12
Foreign trade by economic bloc
(US$ million)
Año Africa Asia Caribbean CARICOM Andean Community Eastern Europe Other
Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp.
1999 0.86 0.41 5.13 154.55 18.29 141.55 1.29 4.50 0.61 122.05 12.87 12.71 0.30 0.42
2000 0.44 0.62 6.61 162.19 22.03 153.04 1.67 21.67 0.55 235.90 7.12 16.19 0.73 2.19
2001 0.47 3.05 5.10 160.78 28.66 104.16 2.61 17.68 3.73 212.09 42.59 26.16 0.67 0.90
2002 0.51 0.56 5.85 257.44 24.81 43.25 0.44 16.33 3.89 272.49 13.50 21.78 0.14 0.04
2003 0.13 1.44 8.53 259.15 27.44 23.75 0.77 35.77 1.45 275.04 14.49 27.08 4.98 0.30
2004p 0.22 1.69 16.57 310.84 34.32 97.53 0.46 17.87 2.36 391.70 1.20 36.63 4.30 0.33

Year CACM MERCOSUR Mexico NAFTA OECD European Union
Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp.
1999 145.06 519.22 0.15 10.36 14.93 77.17 186.72 586.66 5.36 7.31 117.56 86.15
2000 164.21 490.69 0.04 16.02 23.34 86.50 263.32 437.06 5.56 6.67 133.72 91.88
2001 173.92 465.29 0.01 14.52 27.05 136.69 160.38 502.40 2.80 24.36 84.25 106.76
2002 196.71 390.78 0.07 15.81 21.35 113.33 221.73 499.89 3.25 18.83 66.45 137.85
2003 222.82 411.02 0.01 20.45 27.88 154.97 232.64 520.34 5.05 16.15 64.74 158.67
2004p 248.93 501.92 0.12 35.08 39.88 165.33 309.00 521.62 7.45 19.38 95.04 156.19
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIFIC).

Table No. 13
Foreign trade by economic bloc
(Per cent)
Africa Asia Caribbean CARICOM Andean CommunityAndina Eastern Europe Other
Year Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp. Exp. Imp.
1999 0.17 0.02 1.01 8.97 3.59 8.21 0.25 0.26 0.12 7.08 2.53 0.74 0.06 0.02
2000 0.07 0.04 1.05 9.43 3.50 8.89 0.27 1.26 0.09 13.71 1.13 0.94 0.12 0.13
2001 0.09 0.17 0.96 9.06 5.38 5.87 0.49 1.00 0.70 11.95 8.00 1.47 0.12 0.05
2002 0.09 0.03 1.05 14.40 4.44 2.42 0.08 0.91 0.70 15.24 2.42 1.22 0.03 0.00
2003 0.02 0.08 1.40 13.61 4.49 1.25 0.13 1.88 0.24 14.44 2.37 1.42 0.81 0.02
2004 P/ 0.03 0.07 2.18 13.78 4.52 4.32 0.06 0.79 0.31 17.36 0.16 1.62 0.57 0.01

Year CACM MERCOSUR Mexico NAFTA OECD European Union
Exp Imp Exp Imp Exp Imp Exp Imp Exp Imp Exp Imp
1999 28.49 30.13 0.03 0.60 2.93 4.48 36.67 34.05 1.05 0.42 23.09 5.00
2000 26.09 28.52 0.01 0.93 3.71 5.03 41.84 25.40 0.88 039 21.25 5.34
2001 32.68 26.22 0.00 0.82 5.08 7.70 30.13 28.31 0.53 1.37 15.83 6.02
2002 35.21 21.85 0.01 0.88 3.82 634 39.69 27.95 0.58 1.05 11.89 7.71
20003 36.47 21.59 0.00 1.07 4.56 8.14 38.08 27.33 0.83 0.85 10.60 8.33
2004p 32.76 22.25 0.02 1.55 5.25 733 40.67 23.12 0.98 0.86 12.51 6.92
p Preliminary figures.
Source: Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade (MIFIC).

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
I. Live animals; animal products
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 156.5 100.0 36.2 100.0 120.3 231.8 100.0 39.6 100.0 192.3 156.4 100.0 43.1 100.0 113.4
Africa 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 2.7 1.7 0.0 0.1 2.7 2.5 11.1 0.0 0.0 2.5 1.2 0.8 0.0 0.0 1.2
Caribbean 4.5 2.9 9.1 25.1 -4.5 6.7 2.9 6.0 15.1 0.8 12.8 8.2 11.6 27.0 1.2
CARICOM 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 59.7 38.2 11.7 32.2 48.1 76.0 32.8 13.0 32.9 63.0 72.9 46.6 9.8 22.9 63.1
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.9 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.2 -0.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1
Mexico 2.7 1.7 1.2 3.3 1.5 6.5 2.8 0.4 1.0 6.1 10.1 6.5 0.6 1.5 9.5
NAFTA 78.7 50.3 11.6 32.1 67.1 129.5 55.9 14.7 37.2 114.8 55.2 35.3 13.1 30.4 42.1
OECD 0.0 0.0 1.3 3.5 -1.3 0.0 0.0 2.7 6.7 -2.7 0.0 0.0 7.4 17.2 -7.4
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 0.8 2.1 -0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
European Union 7.6 4.9 0.8 2.2 6.8 10.3 4.4 0.9 2.3 9.4 4.0 2.6 0.4 0.8 3.7

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 220.2 100.0 26.5 100.0 193.7 233.4 100.0 23.9 100.0 209.5 283.9 100.0 24.6 100.0 259.4
Africa 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 1.9 0.9 0.1 0.3 1.8 2.7 1.2 0.0 0.1 2.7 4.6 1.6 0.1 0.2 4.5
Caribbean 14.1 6.4 5.3 20.1 8.8 13.7 5.9 4.3 17.9 9.4 17.2 6.0 3.7 15.2 13.4
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Eastern Europe 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 79.5 36.1 5.7 21.6 73.8 94.6 40.5 7.5 31.2 87.2 110.5 38.9 7.8 31.6 102.7
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.8 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.3 -0.3
Mexico 10.0 4.5 0.4 1.6 9.6 10.9 4.7 0.3 1.2 10.7 14.5 5.1 0.4 1.6 14.1
NAFTA 104.9 47.6 9.4 35.3 95.6 98.6 42.2 9.7 40.5 88.9 121.2 42.7 11.1 45.4 110.1
OECD 0.0 0.0 5.2 19.8 -5.2 0.0 0.0 0.9 3.9 -0.9 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.7 -0.7
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1
European Union 9.4 4.3 0.2 0.6 9.3 11.8 5.0 0.8 3.4 11.0 15.6 5.5 0.4 1.8 15.2
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
II. Vegetable products
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 198.1 100.0 122.2 100.0 75.9 231.2 100.0 79.5 100.0 151.8 173.0 100.0 79.2 100.0 93.9
Africa 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1
Asia 1.7 0.9 4.6 3.7 -2.8 2.0 0.9 0.5 0.6 1.5 2.8 1.6 0.6 0.7 2.2
Caribbean 1.7 0.9 0.2 0.2 1.5 2.1 0.9 0.1 0.2 1.9 2.6 1.5 0.2 0.2 2.4
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.3 -0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.7
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
CACM 28.5 14.4 35.7 29.2 -7.2 18.5 8.0 34.9 43.9 -16.3 24.9 14.4 30.8 38.9 -5.9
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.7 -2.1 0.0 0.0 1.2 1.5 -1.2 0.0 0.0 3.1 4.0 -3.1
Mexico 11.2 5.6 0.3 0.3 10.8 15.7 6.8 0.2 0.3 15.5 15.3 8.8 0.3 0.3 15.0
NAFTA 45.4 22.9 70.2 57.5 -24.8 75.4 32.6 38.2 48.0 37.2 51.0 29.5 39.8 50.2 11.2
OECD 5.1 2.6 0.0 0.0 5.1 5.3 2.3 0.0 0.0 5.3 2.7 1.5 0.0 0.0 2.6
Other 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0
European Union 104.0 52.5 8.4 6.8 95.6 111.5 48.2 4.3 5.4 107.2 72.3 41.8 3.9 4.9 68.4

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 148.7 100.0 71.6 100.0 77.1 172.5 100.0 64.2 100.0 108.3 226.3 100.0 60.3 100.0 166.1
Africa 0.4 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2
Asia 3.6 2.4 1.1 1.6 2.4 4.9 2.9 1.0 1.6 3.9 5.7 2.5 1.5 2.5 4.2
Caribbean 2.4 1.6 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.2 1.3 0.0 0.0 2.2 3.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 3.1
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.8 0.5 2.6 4.1 -1.8 2.0 0.9 0.6 1.0 1.4
Eastern Europe 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.2
CACM 34.7 23.3 21.8 30.4 12.9 40.5 23.5 18.5 28.8 22.0 39.2 17.3 18.4 30.6 20.8
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.1 -0.8 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.8 -1.1 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.2 -1.4
Mexico 10.4 7.0 0.8 1.1 9.7 13.9 8.1 0.5 0.9 13.4 22.8 10.1 0.4 0.7 22.4
NAFTA 45.8 30.8 42.5 59.4 3.2 59.7 34.6 36.4 56.8 23.3 73.1 32.3 33.4 55.5 39.7
OECD 1.6 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.3 1.3 0.1 0.2 2.2 4.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 4.0
Other 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6
European Union 49.0 33.0 4.4 6.1 44.6 47.5 27.6 3.8 5.9 43.8 74.4 32.9 4.5 7.5 69.9
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
III. Animal or vegetable fats and oils
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 2.4 100.0 48.0 100.0 -45.6 0.7 100.0 40.2 100.0 -39.5 5.1 100.0 45.1 100.0 - 40.0
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.2
Caribbean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 -0.3
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.7 31.0 28.1 58.6 -27.4 0.4 58.0 23.0 57.3 -22.6 0.6 12.4 20.5 45.4 -19.9
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 -0.3
CACM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
MERCOSUR 1.4 58.0 17.9 37.3 -16.5 0.0 6.2 16.1 40.2 -16.1 4.3 84.4 23.5 52.1 -19.2
Mexico 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.9 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NAFTA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
OECD 0.3 11.0 1.9 3.9 -1.6 0.2 35.7 0.3 0.7 0.0 0.2 3.1 0.3 0.6 -0.1
Other 2.4 100.0 48.0 100.0 -45.6 0.7 100.0 40.2 100.0 -39.5 5.1 100.0 45.1 100.0 -40.0
European Union 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 3.2 100.0 42.9 100.0 -39.7 6.5 100.0 56.9 100.0 -50.3 8.0 100.0 62.7 100.0 -54.7
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 4.0 9.3 -4.0 0.0 0.0 8.1 14.3 -8.1 0.0 0.0 6.6 10.6 -6.6
Caribbean 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.5 -0.6 0.0 0.5 0.8 1.4 -0.8 0.0 0.1 0.5 0.7 -0.4
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.7 22.9 17.3 40.2 -16.5 1.7 25.8 20.7 36.5 -19.1 1.7 21.0 28.7 45.8 -27.0
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.0 6.7 10.7 -6.7
CACM 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
MERCOSUR 2.3 72.9 20.5 47.8 -18.2 4.6 69.6 26.6 46.8 -22.1 6.1 76.2 18.5 29.5 -12.4
Mexico 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NAFTA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
OECD 0.1 4.1 0.2 0.5 -0.1 0.3 4.0 0.3 0.6 -0.1 0.2 2.7 1.7 2.8 -1.5
Other 3.2 100.0 42.9 100.0 -39.7 6.5 100.0 56.9 100.0 -50.3 8.0 100.0 62.7 100.0 -54.7
European Union 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
IV. Prepared foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco and tobacco substitutes
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 67.1 100.0 116.6 100.0 -49.5 74.8 100.0 117.3 100.0 -42.5 84.0 100.0 126.8 100.0 -42.8
Africa 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.2 0.4 0.9 0.8 -0.6 1.3 1.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.2 -1.5
Caribbean 5.7 8.4 8.1 6.9 -2.4 5.5 7.4 3.6 3.1 2.0 6.1 7.3 2.1 1.7 4.0
CARICOM 0.8 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.2 1.6 0.0 0.0 1.2 2.5 30. 0.0 0.0 2.5
Andean Community 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.8 -0.8 0.1 0.1 1.2 1.0 -1.1 2.2 2.6 1.3 1.1 0.8
Eastern Europe 12.7 19.0 0.0 0.0 12.7 7.1 9.5 0.0 0.0 7.1 42.5 50.6 0.1 0.0 42.4
CACM 21.2 31.6 66.6 57.1 -45.3 21.2 28.4 70.6 60.2 -49.4 20.1 23.9 78.4 61.8 -58.3
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 2.1 1.8 -2.1 0.0 0.0 3.7 3.1 -3.7 0.0 0.0 3.0 2.4 -3.0
Mexico 0.1 0.1 9.2 7.9 -9.1 0.5 0.6 12.0 10.2 -11.5 0.1 0.2 13.2 10.4 -13.0
NAFTA 21.9 32.6 23.3 20.0 -1.5 26.9 36.0 20.8 17.7 6.1 6.3 7.5 20.9 16.5 -14.6
OECD 0.2 0.4 1.3 1.1 -1.1 0.2 0.3 1.6 1.3 -1.4 0.1 0.1 1.2 0.9 -1.1
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 0.5 -0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 3.7 5.5 4.2 3.6 -0.5 10.6 14.2 2.5 2.2 8.1 4.0 4.8 5.0 4.0 -1.0

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 69.4 100.0 132.4 100.0 -63.1 76.0 100.0 136.1 100.0 -60.1 97.9 100.0 156.6 100.0 -58.7
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.1 0.1 1.6 1.2 -1.6 0.0 0.0 2.0 1.4 -1.9 2.8 2.8 2.2 1.4 0.6
Caribbean 3.3 4.8 2.3 1.7 1.0 6.2 8.1 1.5 1.1 4.7 9.5 9.7 0.5 0.3 8.9
CARICOM 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1
Andean Community 3.1 4.5 1.9 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.4 2.4 1.8 -2.1 0.2 0.2 2.8 1.8 -2.6
Eastern Europe 13.1 18.9 0.1 0.1 13.1 14.2 18.7 0.1 0.1 14.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0
CACM 23.7 34.2 82.5 62.3 -58.7 26.3 34.6 83.8 61.6 -57.5 35.9 36.7 104.2 66.5 -68.2
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 4.5 3.4 -4.5 0.0 0.0 3.2 2.3 -3.2 0.0 0.0 4.8 3.1 -4.8
Mexico 0.4 0.5 14.8 11.2 -14.4 1.3 1.7 16.9 12.4 -15.7 0.7 0.7 15.5 9.9 -14.8
NAFTA 19.2 27.6 17.7 13.4 1.5 18.7 24.7 18.9 13.9 -0.1 40.1 41.0 17.5 11.2 22.6
OECD 1.6 2.3 3.3 2.5 -1.7 2.7 3.6 1.0 0.7 1.7 3.4 3.5 0.6 0.4 2.9
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 5.1 0.0 0.0 3.9 3.2 3.2 0.0 0.0 3.2
European Union 4.5 6.4 3.8 2.9 0.7 1.9 2.6 6.1 4.4 -4.1 2.0 2.0 8.5 5.4 -6.5
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
V. Mineral products
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 4.8 100.0 162.6 100.0 -157.8 10.9 100.0 325.2 100.0 -314.4 9.5 100.0 320.6 100.0 -311.1
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.1 5.2 3.2 -5.2 0.0 0.0 5.8 1.8 -5.8 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 -0.5
Caribbean 1.3 26.8 19.4 12.0 -18.1 1.8 17.0 40.0 12.3 -38.2 2.6 27.9 37.9 11.8 -35.2
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 4.0 2.5 -4.0 0.1 16 21.5 6.6 -21.4 0.0 0.0 17.3 5.4 -17.3
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 90.8 55.9 -90.8 0.0 0.0 209.3 64.3 -209.3 0.0 0.0 174.0 54.3 -174.0
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1
CACM 3.5 73.0 24.6 15.1 -21.1 8.9 82.3 19.7 6.1 -10.8 6.8 72.0 22.6 7.1 -15.8
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexico 0.0 0.0 1.8 1.1 -1.8 0.0 0.0 15.7 4.8 -15.7 0.0 0.0 42.8 13.4 -42.8
NAFTA 0.0 0.0 16.1 9.9 -16.1 0.0 0.0 11.3 3.5 -11.3 0.0 0.0 17.2 5.4 -17.2
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.3 2.3 -7.3
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.2 -0.7
European Union 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.6 -2.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.11

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 11.3 100.0 278.4 100.0 -267.1 10.4 100.0 357.3 100.0 -346.9 9.6 100.0 467.8 100.0 -458.2
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.2 -0.8 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.3 -1.3
Asia 0.0 0.3 1.6 0.6 -1.6 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.5 -1.8 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.2 -1.0
Caribbean 0.5 4.6 20.7 7.4 -20.2 0.8 7.3 3.6 1.0 -2.8 0.2 2.4 78.8 16.8 -78.5
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 16.1 5.8 -16.1 0.0 0.0 35.6 10.0 -35.6 0.0 0.0 17.7 3.8 -17.7
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 214.9 77.2 -214.8 0.0 0.0 198.3 55.5 -198.3 0.0 0.0 298.5 63.8 -298.5
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 10.7 95.1 7.8 2.8 2.9 9.6 92.6 12.7 3.5 -3.1 9.4 97.4 16.2 3.5 -6.9
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.3 -1.0 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.9 -3.2 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.3 -1.4
Mexico 0.0 0.0 1.9 0.7 -1.9 0.0 0.0 36.6 10.2 -36.6 0.0 0.0 16.9 3.6 -16.9
NAFTA 0.0 0.0 13.8 5.0 -13.8 0.0 0.1 63.4 17.7 -63.4 0.0 0.1 29.8 6.4 -29.8
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.8 -3.8
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 -0.3
European Union 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.3 -1.1 0.0 0.1 2.1 0.4 -2.1
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
VI. Products of the chemical or allied industries
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 4.4 100.0 249.1 100.0 -244.8 7.7 100.0 231.9 100.0 -224.1 10.2 100.0 261.7 100.0 -2.6
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 1.0 -7.8
Asia 0.0 0.0 3.1 1.2 -3.1 0.1 0.8 11.3 4.9 -11.2 0.0 0.0 7.8 3.0 -8.8
Caribbean 0.3 6.0 29.8 12.0 -29.6 0.3 4.2 30.2 13.0 -29.9 0.4 3.6 9.2 3.5 -0.1
CARICOM 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 010 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -8.2
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 8.9 3.6 -8.9 0.0 0.0 4.1 1.8 -4.1 0.0 0.1 8.3 3.2 -7.1
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 6.8 2.7 -6.8 0.0 0.0 3.5 1.5 -3.5 0.0 0.0 7.1 2.7 -92.3
CACM 3.8 85.4 105.6 42.4 -101.8 6.0 77.4 99.8 43.1 -93.9 7.0 68.1 99.3 37.9 -2.8
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.2 1.4 0.5 -1.4 0.0 0.3 1.3 0.6 -1.3 0.0 0.0 2.8 1.1 -31.7
Mexico 0.0 0.0 18.6 7.4 -18.5 0.1 0.7 16.3 7.0 -16.3 0.0 0.1 31.8 12.1 -62.7
NAFTA 0.3 7.2 57.3 23.0 -57.0 1.2 15.8 47.6 20.5 -46.3 2.8 27.1 65.5 25.0 -4.4
OECD 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.5 -1.3 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.3 -0.7 0.0 0.0 4.4 1.7 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 -22.8
European Union 0.0 0.0 16.4 6.6 -16.4 0.1 0.7 16.9 7.3 -16.9 0.1 1.0 22.9 8.8 -2.6

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 10.2 100.0 262.2 100.0 -252.0 15.1 100.0 303.2 100.0 -288.1 18.4 100.0 349.3 100.0 -330.9
Africa 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 11.0 4.2 -11.0 0.0 0.0 16.1 5.3 -16.1 0.0 0.0 24.2 6.9 -24.2
Caribbean 0.3 3.2 3.6 1.4 -3.3 0.6 3.9 4.3 1.4 -3.7 0.8 4.1 5.1 1.5 -4.3
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.1 11.7 4.5 -11.7 0.0 0.2 13.0 4.3 -12.9 0.0 0.0 16.2 4.6 -16.2
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 6.7 2.5 -6.7 0.0 0.0 8.8 2.9 -8.8 0.0 0.0 10.8 3.1 -10.8
CACM 8.2 80.4 85.6 32.6 -77.4 12.8 84.5 95.8 31.6 -83.0 15.8 85.8 106.8 30.6 -91.0
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 4.6 1.8 -4.6 0.0 0.0 5.8 1.9 -5.8 0.0 0.1 9.1 2.6 -9.1
Mexico 0.0 0.2 39.4 15.0 -39.3 0.1 0.8 36.2 11.9 -36.0 0.0 0.1 38.2 10.9 -38.2
NAFTA 1.6 16.1 63.2 24.1 -61.5 1.5 9.6 79.0 26.1 -77.5 1.8 9.8 85.8 24.6 -84.0
OECD 0.0 0.0 5.4 2.1 -5.4 0.0 0.0 5.9 1.9 -5.9 0.0 0.0 5.6 1.6 -5.6
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 0.0 30.9 11.8 -30.9 0.1 0.7 38.5 12.7 -38.4 0.0 0.0 47.5 13.6 -47.5
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
VII. Plastics, rubber and articles thereof
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 2.4 100.0 88.5 100.0 -86.1 3.7 100.0 89.6 100.0 -85.9 4.7 100.0 94.0 100.0 -89.3
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1
Asia 0.0 0.0 7.8 8.9 -7.8 0.0 0.6 7.2 8.0 -7.2 0.0 0.1 10.4 11.1 -10.4
Caribbean 0.0 0.1 4.0 4.5 -4.0 0.0 0.5 5.1 5.7 -5.1 0.0 0.2 3.5 3.8 -3.5
CARICOM 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.5 -1.3 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.7 -0.6 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.4 -1.3
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.0 -1.0
CACM 2.4 97.9 38.8 43.8 -36.4 3.7 97.6 42.7 47.7 -39.1 4.6 97.3 41.2 43.8 -36.5
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8 -0.8
Mexico 0.0 0.1 5.1 5.8 -5.1 0.0 0.0 5.2 5.8 -5.2 0.0 0.1 6.1 6.5 -6.1
NAFTA 0.0 0.3 29.6 33.4 -29.6 0.0 0.9 26.0 29.0 -26.0 0.1 1.3 26.8 28.5 -26.7
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 1.0 1.8 2.1 -1.8 0.0 0.0 2.5 2.8 -2.5 0.0 0.1 2.8 2.9 -2.7

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 3.8 100.0 98.9 100.0 -95.0 4.1 100.0 96.7 100.0 -92.5 4.6 100.0 118.2 100.0 -113.6
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.4 18.7 18.9 -18.7 0.0 0.6 18.5 19.1 -18.5 0.0 0.7 19.8 16.7 -19.7
Caribbean 0.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 -0.9 0.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 -0.9 0.0 0.8 1.2 1.0 -1.2
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.1 3.9 3.9 -3.9 0.0 0.0 4.9 5.0 -4.9 0.0 0.0 4.6 3.9 -4.6
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2
CACM 3.7 97.7 33.7 34.1 -30.0 3.9 95.1 36.8 38.1 -32.9 4.4 97.4 47.3 40.0 -42.9
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 -0.9 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.5 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.4 -0.5
Mexico 0.0 0.2 5.9 6.0 -5.9 0.0 0.0 6.0 6.2 -6.0 0.0 0.4 5.9 5.0 -5.9
NAFTA 0.0 0.4 30.9 31.3 -30.9 0.1 1.8 26.5 27.4 -26.4 0.0 0.3 35.7 30.2 -35.7
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 0.5 3.4 3.4 -3.4 0.0 0.0 2.4 2.4 -2.4 0.0- 0.2 3.0 2.5 -3.0
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
VIII. Raw hides and skins, leather and saddlery
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 4.0 100.0 5.4 100.0 -1.4 5.2 100.0 4.2 100.0 1.0 7.4 100.0 4.3 100.0 3.1
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 0.4 6.9 -0.4 0.2 3.4 0.2 5.8 -0.1 0.9 12.0 1.2 27.0 -0.3
Caribbean 0.0 0.2 2.6 48.5 -2.6 0.1 2.1 2.7 63.8 -2.6 0.7 9.2 1.9 43.8 -1.2
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.4 0.1 1.3 -0.1 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 3.1 76.0 1.4 26.0 1.7 3.9 75.7 0.6 13.4 3.3 3.1 42.5 0.3 7.6 2.8
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Mexico 0.6 15.4 0.1 2.0 0.5 0.4 7.5 0.1 1.9 0.3 0.5 6.2 0.1 2.7 0.3
NAFTA 0.1 1.5 0.8 14.4 -0.7 0.0 0.8 0.6 14.0 -0.5 0.2 3.2 0.8 17.7 -0.5
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0
Other 0.2 5.5 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.4 8.7 0.0 0.5 0.4 2.0 26.5 0.0 0.8 1.9

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 5.8 100.0 5.4 100.0 0.4 5.5 100.0 4.1 100.0 1.4 7.9 100.0 4.9 100.0 3.0
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.2 2.8 3.6 67.8 -3.5 0.6 11.8 2.8 68.6 -2.1 3.1 39.9 3.1 62.6 0.1
Caribbean 0.6 11.1 0.5 9.8 0.1 0.2 4.1 0.1 1.3 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.1 1.1 0.0
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 2.7 45.7 0.5 9.9 2.1 1.7 30.3 0.5 12.4 1.2 1.3 17.1 0.7 14.6 0.6
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0
Mexico 0.4 6.2 0.1 1.9 0.3 1.1 19.6 0.2 4.7 0.9 1.5 18.6 0.5 10.0 1.0
NAFTA 0.0 0.1 0.5 8.6 -0.5 0.1 1.5 0.4 10.4 -0.3 0.2 2.5 0.4 8.9 -0.2
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 2.0 33.7 0.1 1.6 1.9 1.8 32.1 0.1 1.8 1.7 1.6 20.9 0.1 1.2 1.6
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
IX. Wood, wood charcoal, cork and articles thereof
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 12.1 100.0 3.8 100.0 8.3 16.4 100.0 4.4 100.0 12.1 16.3 100.0 5.1 100.0 11.1
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.3 2.6 0.3 8.2 0.0 0.1 0..4 0.2 4.5 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.1 2.4 -0.1
Caribbean 3.5 29.3 0.1 1.7 3.5 4.5 27.2 0.1 1.9 4.4 1.8 11.0 0.0 0.9 1.7
CARICOM 0.2 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.3 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 4.1 -0.2
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 6.1 50.7 2.1 53.7 4.1 9.9 60.2 2.5 57.2 7.4 11.5 70.8 2.0 39.7 9.5
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.2 4.4 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 7.3 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 10.2 -0.5
Mexico 0.1 0.7 0.1 1.6 0.0 0.1 0.6 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.3 1.7 0.1 1.2 0.2
NAFTA 1.4 11.3 1.0 27.1 0.3 1.6 9.6 1.0 23.0 0.6 1.4 8.5 2.0 38.8 -0.6
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.3
European Union 0.4 3.6 0.1 2.4 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.1 1.4 0.1 0.9 5.7 0.1 2.5 0.8

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 18.2 100.0 3.5 100.0 14.7 16.6 100.0 4.2 100.0 12.4 15.0 100.0 5.0 100.0 9.9
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.1 0.2 4.5 -0.1 0.1 0.6 0.2 3.6 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.6 11.1 -0.5
Caribbean 2.4 13.4 0.0 0.6 2.4 2.2 13.0 0.0 0.6 2.1 2.3 15.3 0.0 0.2 2.3
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 0.4 10.2 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 10.3 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 7.6 -0.4
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 12.0 65.7 1.5 42.2 10.5 10.1 61.1 1.6 38.9 8.5 9.1 60.8 2.1 40.7 7.1
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.2 0.6 17.6 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.9 20.7 -0.9 0.0 0.0 0.9 18.0 -0.9
Mexico 0.1 0.3 0.1 2.5 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.1 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.7 0.0
NAFTA 3.0 16.5 0.6 17.2 2.4 3.5 21.2 0.7 17.6 2.8 3.2 21.4 0.9 18.5 2.3
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.7 3.6 0.2 5.3 0.5 0.6 3.7 0.3 6.9 0.3 0.2 1.5 0.2 3.0 0.1
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
X. Wood pulp, paper and paperboard
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 0.6 100.0 59.4 100.0 -58.8 1.2 100.0 64.8 100.0 -63.5 1.9 100.0 66.8 100.0 -64.9
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.6 -0.4 0.0 1.3 0.9 1.4 -0.9 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.9 -0.6
Caribbean 0.0 5.1 0.8 1.4 -0.8 0.0 3.0x 1.4 2.1 -1.3 0.0 2.0 1.4 2.2 -1.4
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 1.6 2.8 -1.6 0.0 0.0 2.7 4.2 -2.7 0.0 0.1 5.7 8.5 -5.7
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 0.3 55.0 30.5 51.3 -30.2 1.1 90.9 33.0 51.0 -31.9 1.5 80.7 29.7 44.5 -28.2
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.7 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.6 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1
Mexico 0.0 3.1 5.2 8.8 -5.2 0.0 2.3 5.4 8.3 -5.3 0.3 14.7 5.5 8.2 -5.2
NAFTA 0.2 33.7 18.2 30.6 -18.0 0.0 2.4 18.3 28.3 -18.3 0.0 2.1 20.1 30.2 -20.1
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 3.1 2.2 3.8 -2.2 0.0 0.0 2.6 4.0 -2.6 0.0 0.2 3.4 5.0 -3.4

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 1.3 100.0 74.0 100.0 -72.7 2.9 100.0 72.6 100.0 -69.6 3.3 100.0 84.3 100.0 -81.0
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 1.1 1.5 -1.1 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.8 -1.3 0.0 0.0 1.6 1.9 -1.6
Caribbean 0.3 23.0 1.5 2.0 -1.2 0.0 1.4 1.9 2.6 -1.9 0.0 1.5 1.5 1.8 -1.5
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 2.3 8.2 11.1 -8.2 0.0 0.2 9.9 13.7 -9.9 0.0 0.0 9.3 11.0 -9.3
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 0.9 70.7 26.7 36.1 -25.8 2.7 92.1 22.8 31.4 -20.1 2.4 73.2 26.9 31.9 -24.5
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.8 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.1 -0.8 0.1 2.1 1.9 2.3 -1.9
Mexico 0.0 0.1 6.7 9.0 -6.7 0.1 4.7 7.9 10.9 -7.8 0.2 6.7 13.0 15.5 -12.8
NAFTA 0.0 3.7 22.6 30.6 -22.6 0.0 0.7 21.4 29.5 -21.4 0.5 16.4 22.7 27.0 -22.2
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 0.0 6.6 8.9 -6.6 0.0 0.0 6.6 9.0 -6.6 0.0 0.1 7.1 8.5 -7.1
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
XI. Textiles and textile articles
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 3.5 100.0 62.8 100.0 -59.3 3.3 100.0 49.3 100.0 -46.0 2.2 100.0 43.1 100.0 -40.9
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 5.0 8.0 -5.0 0.1 1.18 3.8 7.7 -3.7 0.0 1.1 10.6 24.6 -10.6
Caribbean 0.3 9.2 20.3 32.4 -20.0 0.3 9:1 18.4 37.2 -18.1 0.3 15.6 9.6 22.2 -9.2
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.4 -0.2
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1
CACM 2.2 62.6 12.8 20.4 -10.6 1.4 41.4 11.7 23.8 -10.4 0.6 27.6 11.1 25.8 -10.5
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.1
Mexico 0.0 1.3 1.0 1.6 -0.9 0.0 0.0 1.1 2.1 -1.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.2 -0.9
NAFTA 0.8 21.3 21.2 33.8 -20.5 1.4 41.7 12.4 25.1 -11.0 1.1 47.6 9.0 20.9 -8.0
OECD 0.0 0.5 0.2 0.3 -0.2 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.2 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.2 4.7 1.8 2.9 -1.6 0.2 4.7 1.2 2.5 -1.1 0.2 6.9 1.5 3.5 -1.3

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 1.5 100.0 52.3 100.0 -50.7 1.7 100.0 51.5 100.0 -49.8 1.9 100.0 52.7 100.0 -50.8
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1
Asia 0.0 1.0 21.6 41.3 -21.6 0.0 0.0 21.0 40.8 -21.0 0.1 3.4 21.0 40.0 -21.0
Caribbean 0.4 24.0 1.9 3.7 -1.6 0.3 18.9 1.1 2.1 -0.8 0.4 19.0 1.2 2.3 -0.9
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.9 -0.5 0.0 0.2 0.6 1.1 -0.6
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 -0.2
CACM 0.6 36.5 14.1 26.9 -13.5 0.4 25.2 13.3 25.8 -12.9 0.4 18.9 12.9 24.5 -12.6
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1
Mexico 0.0 0.1 1.3 2.5 -1.3 0.0 0.0 1.1 2.1 -1.1 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.8 -0.9
NAFTA 0.4 27.3 11.7 22.4 -11.3 0.7 38.4 13.4 26.0 -12.7 0.7 36.5 14.5 27.5 -13.8
OECD 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.2 9.7 1.1 2.2 -1.0 0.3 15.9 1.0 1.9 -0.7 0.4 21.4 1.1 2.2 -0.7
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
XII. Footwear, hats and other headgear
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 3.4 100.0 13.4 100.0 -10.0 2.7 100.0 14.3 100.0 -11.6 2.1 100.0 15.1 100.0 -12.9
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 0.8 5.8 -0.8 0.0 0.0 1.6 11.0 -1.6 0.0 0.0 3.0 20.1 -3.0
Caribbean 0.1 3.2 3.5 26.3 -3.4 0.1 3.5 4.2 29.2 -4.1 0.1 2.5 2.5 16.8 -2.5
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.1 -0.2
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 3.3 96.1 4.6 34.3 -1.3 2.6 96.1 4.7 32.6 -2.1 2.1 96.5 4.4 29.5 -2.4
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Mexico 0.0 0.0 0.3 2.5 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 1.1 -0.2
NAFTA 0.0 0.6 4.0 29.8 -4.0 0.0 0.4 3.7 25.7 -3.7 0.0 0.1 4.7 31.0 -4.7
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 -0.1

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 1.6 100.0 16.3 100.0 -14.7 1.2 100.0 16.8 100.0 -15.6 1.0 100.0 18.9 100.0 -18.0
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 8.5 52.4 -8.5 0.0 0.0 9.9 58.9 -9.9 0.0 0.3 10.6 56.1 -10.6
Caribbean 0.0 1.8 0.8 4.7 -0.7 0.0 0.9 0.5 3.0 -0.5 0.0 1.6 0.2 1.1 -0.2
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 0.5 3.0 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.4 2.6 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.7 3.5 -0.7
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
CACM 1.6 97.8 4.6 28.5 -3.1 1.1 94.0 4.4 25.8 -3.2 0.9 91.5 5.0 26.3 -4.1
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 0.0
Mexico 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 -0.1 0.1 4.9 0.1 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.7 -0.1
NAFTA 0.0 0.1 1.5 9.4 -1.5 0.0 0.0 1.3 7.8 -1.3 0.0 5.0 1.6 8.2 -1.5
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 0.2 0.2 1.1 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 1.0 -0.2 0.0 1.3 0.7 3.8 -0.7
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
XIII. Articles of stone, glass and ceramics
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 7.0 100.0 30.3 100.0 -23.3 6.4 100.0 33.4 100.0 -26.9 9.0 100.0 32.3 100.0 -23.3
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.2 -0.7 0.0 0.0 1.0 2.9 -1.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 3.8 -1.2
Caribbean 0.1 1.5 1.4 4.6 -1.3 0.0 0.5 1.7 5.2 -1.7 0.0 0.4 2.5 7.8 -2.5
CARICOM 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.2 2.2 7.4 -2.2 0.0 0.0 1.7 5.2 -1.7 0.0 0.0 1.4 4.3 -1.4
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 4.1 58.5 17.2 56.8 -13.1 4.5 69.5 17.9 53.6 -13.4 3.8 42.5 16.4 50.7 -12.6
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1
Mexico 0.0 0.3 2.0 6.5 -2.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 6.0 -2.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 6.5 -2.1
NAFTA 2.7 38.6 3.6 11.7 -0.9 1.9 29.7 4.8 14.4 -2.9 5.1 56.5 4.0 12.4 1.1
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.1 0.8 3.2 10.5 -3.1 0.0 0.2 4.1 12.4 -4.1 0.1 0.6 4.6 14.2 -4.5

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 10.6 100.0 29.2 100.0 -18.6 11.3 100.0 33.1 100.0 -21.8 12.2 100.0 39.3 100.0 -27.1
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 2.0 6.8 -2.0 0.0 0.0 2.5 7.5 -2.5 0.0 0.0 3.0 7.5 -3.0
Caribbean 0.0 0.1 0.9 3.0 -0.9 0.0 0.2 1.1 3.2 -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.6 -0.2
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 3.1 10.8 -3.1 0.0 0.0 3.8 11.5 -3.8 0.0 0.0 5.0 12.7 -5.0
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 4.3 40.3 13.1 44.7 -8.8 4.7 41.9 15.2 46.0 -10.5 4.6 37.4 19.0 48.4 -14.5
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.7 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.6 1.9 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.1 -0.8
Mexico 0.0 0.0 2.3 7.8 -2.3 0.0 0.0 2.0 6.0 -2.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 7.2 -2.8
NAFTA 6.3 59.3 3.4 11.6 2.9 6.5 57.4 3.8 11.5 2.7 7.5 61.9 3.8 9.7 3.7
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 0.3 4.2 14.4 -4.2 0.0 0.1 4.1 12.4 -4.1 0.0 0.4 4.6 11.8 -4.6
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
XV. Basic metals and articles thereof
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 3.2 100.0 138.2 100.0 -134.9 4.9 100.0 131.8 100.0 -126.9 11.3 100.0 127.8 100.0 -116.5
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.1 2.9 5.5 4.0 -5.4 0.0 1.0 12.8 9.7 -12.7 0.1 0.5 17.3 13.5 -17.2
Caribbean 0.0 0.4 7.0 5.1 -7.0 0.0 0.3 5.1 3.9 -5.1 0.5 4.1 4.0 3.1 -3.5
CARICOM 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 5.1 3.7 -5.1 0.0 0.2 5.3 4.0 -5.2 0.0 0.0 5.0 3.9 -5.0
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 4.7 3.4 -4.7 0.0 0.0 12.1 9.2 -12.1 0.0 0.0 15.3 11.9 -15.3
CACM 1.8 56.3 71.8 52.0 -70.0 3.5 70.8 58.5 44.3 -55.0 9.4 82.8 49.1 38.4 -39.7
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2
Mexico 0.2 5.8 8.1 5.9 -7.9 0.0 0.6 10.5 8.0 -10.5 0.1 0.9 9.8 7.7 -9.7
NAFTA 1.1 34.6 30.3 21.9 -29.1 1.3 26.8 20.6 15.6 -19.3 1.3 11.4 19.8 15.5 -18.5
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.3 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.6 -0.7
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 0.0 4.6 3.3 -4.6 0.0 0.0 6.4 4.9 -6.4 0.0 0.3 6.5 5.1 -6.5

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 9.1 100.0 118.0 100.0 -109.0 9.2 100.0 119.9 100.0 -110.6 12.3 100.0 164.9 100.0 -152.6
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.4 16.3 13.8 -16.2 0.0 0.2 10.7 9.0 -10.7 0.1 1.2 17.6 10.7 -17.4
Caribbean 0.0 0.4 2.6 2.2 -2.5 0.2 2.1 2.5 2.1 -2.3 0.5 3.7 3.1 1.9 -2.6
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 4.5 3.8 -4.5 0.0 0.2 10.0 8.4 -10.0 0.0 0.0 14.6 8.8 -14.6
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 12.6 10.6 -12.6 0.0 0.0 16.7 14.0 -16.7 0.0 0.0 21.5 13.1 -21.5
CACM 7.6 84.0 47.3 40.1 -39.7 7.5 81.2 47.9 39.9 -40.4 8.6 69.3 66.0 40.0 -57.4
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.6 -0.7 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.6 -0.7 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.7 -1.2
Mexico 0.0 0.0 11.2 9.5 -11.2 0.0 0.0 12.3 10.3 -12.3 0.0 0.0 12.0 7.3 -12.0
NAFTA 1.4 14.9 16.1 13.7 -14.8 1.5 15.9 15.5 12.9 -14.0 3.1 25.4 24.5 14.9 -21.4
OECD 0.0 0.1 1.0 0.9 -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.3 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 -0.3
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 0.1 5.7 4.9 -5.7 0.0 0.1 3.2 2.7 -3.2 0.0 0.1 4.2 2.5 -4.2
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
XVI. Machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical equipment, etc.
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 4.5 100.0 323.9 100.0 -319.4 3.3 100.0 247.5 100.0 -244.2 5.7 100.0 257.9 100.0 -252.2
Africa 0.0 0.9 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 20.1 6.2 -20.1 0.3 9.8 22.5 9.1 -22.1 0.0 0.0 24.1 9.3 -24.1
Caribbean 0.4 9.7 21.2 6.6 -20.8 0.2 Y71 19.6 7.9 -19.4 0.4 6.3 8.9 3.5 -8.6
CARICOM 0.1 1.8 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 7.4 2.3 -7.4 0.1 3.3 7.4 3.0 -7.3 0.6 9.9 9.7 3.8 -9.1
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 -0.6
CACM 2.9 65.0 41.8 12.9 -38.8 1.8 53.8 35.1 14.2 -33.4 3.5 61.1 31.3 12.1 -27.8
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.4 -1.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.2
Mexico 0.0 0.7 8.2 2.5 -8.1 0.0 0.9 7.3 2.9 -7.2 0.2 4.1 15.1 5.9 -14.9
NAFTA 0.7 15.1 196.4 60.6 -195.7 0.6 18.7 121.1 48.9 -120.5 0.6 11.3 122.2 47.4 -121.6
OECD 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.7 -2.4 0.0 0.5 0.6 0.3 -0.6 0.0 0.3 2.6 1.0 -2.6
Other 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.11
European Union 0.3 6.6 24.2 7.5 -23.9 0.1 2.0 33.0 13.3 -32.9 0.3 5.0 43.2 16.7 -42.91

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 4.5 100.0 285.8 100.0 -281.4 5.6 100.0 312.2 100.0 -306.6 5.5 100.0 339.7 100.0 -334.2
Africa 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 -0.1
Asia 0.0 0.7 57.3 20.0 -57.2 0.0 0.6 67.6 21.7 -67.6 0.1 1.4 90.5 26.6 -90.4
Caribbean 0.1 2.0 0.8 0.3 -0.7 0.6 11.1 0.7 0.2 -0.1 0.1 2.5 0.6 0.2 -0.4
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.1 17.3 6.1 -17.3 0.2 4.4 20.0 6.4 -19.8 0.0 0.1 23.7 7.0 -23.7
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.2 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.2 -0.6 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.3 -1.2
CACM 3.4 75.2 17.8 6.2 -14.4 3.6 64.3 17.4 5.6 -13.8 3.8 69.7 24.5 7.2 -20.7
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.4 -1.1 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.3 -1.0 0.0 0.5 1.4 0.4 -1.3
Mexico 0.0 0.3 21.0 7.4 -21.0 0.1 2.0 28.2 9.0 -28.1 0.0 0.9 47.7 14.0 -47.6
NAFTA 0.6 14.3 111.6 39.0 -110.9 0.8 14.3 103.3 33.1 -102.5 1.2 21.2 97.1 28.6 -95.9
OECD 0.0 0.8 1.3 0.4 -1.2 0.0 0.0 3.7 1.2 -3.7 0.0 0.1 2.1 0.6 -2.1
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.3 6.4 57.0 20.0 -56.8 0.2 3.0 69.6 22.3 -69.4 0.2 3.1 50.9 15.0 -50.7
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
XVII. Vehicles, aircraft, vessels and associated transport equipment
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 1.1 100.0 188.7 100.0 -187.6 0.8 100.0 179.7 100.0 -178.9 1.2 100.0 150.3 100.0 -149.1
Africa 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 97.0 51.4 -97.0 0.0 0.0 88.5 49.3 -88.5 0.0 0.1 72.0 47.9 -72.0
Caribbean 0.1 4.6 5.8 3.1 -5.7 0.0 5.0 5.0 2.8 -5.0 0.2 15.4 2.6 1.8 -2.5
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 9.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1
Andean Community 0.0 2.3 1.4 0.7 -1.4 0.1 13.2 2.2 1.2 -2.1 0.0 3.2 3.2 2.1 -3.2
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.0 1.3 0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.0 1.8 1.2 -1.8
CACM 0.5 48.9 15.4 8.2 -14.9 0.2 29.8 10.6 5.9 -10.4 0.5 45.7 7.4 4.9 -6.9
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.7 -1.4 0.0 1.3 7.4 4.1 -7.3 0.0 0.0 2.6 1.7 -2.6
Mexico 0.0 0.0 11.9 6.3 -11.9 0.0 0.0 7.4 4.1 -7.4 0.1 5.7 3.7 2.5 -3.7
NAFTA 0.3 26.4 47.1 25.0 -46.8 0.2 21.1 48.5 27.0 -48.4 0.2 20.4 49.4 32.9 -49.2
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 2.8 0.2 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.4 0.1 0.0 -0.1
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.1 -0.2 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.2 15.0 8.1 4.3 -7.9 0.1 16.0 9.1 5.1 -9.0 0.1 5.4 7.3 4.8 -7.2

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 1.7 100.0 155.6 100.0 -153.9 1.0 100.0 113.8 100.0 -112.8 1.0 100.0 134.0 100.0 -133.0
Africa 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.1
Asia 0.0 0.0 92.5 59.4 -92.5 0.0 0.0 77.2 67.8 -77.2 0.0 1.0 85.4 63.7 -85.4
Caribbean 0.1 4.2 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 14.8 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.1 0.1 0.0
CARICOM 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.1 5.4 3.0 1.9 -2.9 0.0 2.2 5.8 5.1 -5.8 0.0 4.7 10.7 8.0 -10.6
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 1.5 1.0 -1.5 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.5 -0.6 0.0 0.0 2.6 2.0 -2.6
CACM 1.3 76.0 0.5 0.3 0.8 0.4 40.1 0.9 0.8 -0.5 0.3 26.3 0.6 0.4 -0.3
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.3 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.6 -0.8
Mexico 0.0 2.3 3.8 2.5 -3.8 0.0 0.0 3.6 3.2 -3.6 0.0 0.0 4.4 3.3 -4.4
NAFTA 0.1 7.7 44.4 28.6 -44.3 0.3 33.5 18.1 15.9 -17.8 0.4 34.8 23.1 17.2 -22.7
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.2 -0.3
Other 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 20.7 0.0 0.0 0.2
European Union 0.1 3.3 9.1 5.9 -9.1 0.1 6.7 6.9 6.1 -6 0.1 8.0 6.1 4.5 -6.0
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
XVIII. Optical, photographic instruments, etc.
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 0.7 100.0 30.9 100.0 -30.2 0.2 100.0 22.1 100.0 -21.9 0.2 100.0 36.5 100.0 -36.3
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 0.8 2.5 -0.8 0.0 0.0x 1.8 8.0 -1.8 0.0 0.0 3.4 9.4 -3.4
Caribbean 0.0 1.8 2.0 6.6 -2.0 0.1 23.4 2.2 10.0 -2.2 0.0 8.5 0.9 2.3 -0.8
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.9 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.8 -0.3
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
CACM 0.1 16.2 0.8 2.6 -0.7 0.2 68.0 1.1 5.2 -1.0 0.1 35.5 0.7 1.9 -0.6
MERCOSUR 0.1 15.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Mexico 0.0 0.1 1.4 4.4 -1.4 0.0 3.4 0.9 4.0 -0.9 0.0 1.6 2.1 5.6 -2.0
NAFTA 0.5 66.6 25.5 82.5 -25.0 0.0 5.3 15.8 71.2 -15.8 0.1 53.7 28.7 78.6 -28.6
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0 0.7 0.4 1.1 -0.4
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 0.1 5.0 16.2 -5.0 0.0 0.4 3.2 14.3 -3.2 0.0 0.4 3.0 8.2 -3.0

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 0.2 100.0 45.9 100.0 -45.7 0.2 100.0 42.5 100.0 -42.3 0.4 100.0 39.4 100.0 -39.0
Africa 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 5.3 11.5 -5.3 0.0 0.0 7.2 17.0 -7.2 0.0 1.2 8.9 22.6 -8.9
Caribbean 0.0 3.0 0.1 0.2 -0.1 0.0 6.6 0.1 0.3 -0.1 0.0 6.0 0.5 1.4 -0.5
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.4 0.5 1.0 -0.5 0.0 1.8 0.8 1.8 -0.7 0.0 10.9 1.0 2.5 -1.0
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
CACM 0.1 64.1 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 52.9 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.1 33.6 0.2 0.6 -0.1
MERCOSUR 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 -0.3
Mexico 0.0 0.1 1.1 2.3 -1.1 0.0 2.3 0.7 1.6 -0.7 0.0 0.6 1.7 4.4 -1.7
NAFTA 0.1 28.1 38.4 83.8 -38.4 0.1 35.6 32.9 77.5 -32.8 0.2 44.9 26.2 66.4 -26.0
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.1 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.3 -0.5
Other 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 14.8 5.9 12.8 -5.8 0.1 26.2 8.2 19.4 -8.2 0.0 11.7 9.5 24.1 -9.5
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
XIX. Arms and ammunition
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 1.0 100.0 2.2 100.0 -1.2 0.0 100.0 1.1 100.0 -1.1 0.0 100.0 1.6 100.0 -1.6
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.3 14.9 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 12.7 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 19.0 -0.3
Asia 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Caribbean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0~0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.6 28.3 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.1 11.2 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 13.5 -0.2
Andean Community 0.1 13.9 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 10.8 -0.2
Eastern Europe 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 56.1 0.0 0.7 0.0
CACM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 5.0 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 4.2 -0.1
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.3 14.3 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 15.3 -0.3
Mexico 0.1 6.3 0.4 19.3 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.7 60.2 -0.7 0.0 43.9 0.6 36.3 -0.6
NAFTA 0.8 78.3 0.4 20.4 0.3 0.0-- 0.0 0.1 9.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0
OECD 1.0 100.0 2.2 100.0 -1.2 0.0 100.0 1.1 100.0 -1.1 0.0 100.0 1.6 100.0 -1.6
Other 0.0 0.0 0.3 14.9 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.1 12.7 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 19.0 -0.3
European Union 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 0.0 100.0 1.3 100.0 -1.3 0.0 100.0 0.8 100.0 -0.8 0.0 0.0 1.4 100.0 -1.4
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Caribbean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.4 29.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.2 23.8 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.3 21.9 -0.3
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
CACM 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.2 15.2 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 28.3 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.4 25.6 -0.4
Mexico 0.0 100.0 0.5 39.0 -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.3 36.9 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 39.2 -0.5
NAFTA 0.0 0.0 0.2 14.6 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 8.9 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 8.6 -0.1
OECD 0.0 100.0 1.3 100.0 -1.3 0.0 100.0 0.8 100.0 -0.8 0.0 0.0 1.4 100.0 -1.4
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.1 0.0
European Union 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
XX. Miscellaneous manufactured articles
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 1.1 100.0 35.0 100.0 -33.9 1.1 100.0 40.0 100.0 -39.0 1.2 100.0 41.6 100.0 -40.3
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.8 -1.7 0.0 1.2 2.7 6.7 -2.7 0.0 0.0 5.7 13.6 -5.7
Caribbean 0.2 15.5 6.0 17.2 -5.9 0.1 k9.*7 7.5 18.8 -7.4 0.2 12.9 4.7 11.3 -4.5
CARICOM 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 -0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 1.0 -0.4 0.0 0.7 0.7 1.6 -0.7
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 0.6 50.9 9.8 27.9 -9.2 0.6 54.7 11.1 27.7 -10.5 0.7 56.5 10.1 24.3 -9.4
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.9 2.5 -0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.4 1.0 -0.4
Mexico 0.0 0.0 2.3 6.6 -2.3 0.0 0.8 1.9 4.8 -1.9 0.0 0.5 2.1 4.9 -2.0
NAFTA 0.3 25.5 11.7 33.4 -11.4 0.3 27.1 14.1 35.3 -13.8 0.3 27.5 16.4 39.3 -16.0
OECD 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
Other 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.1 6.0 2.3 6.5 -2.2 0.0 3.8 2.2 5.5 -2.1 0.0 1.5 1.6 3.8 -1.6

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 1.1 100.0 45.8 100.0 -44.7 1.6 100.0 41.6 100.0 -40.0 1.2 100.0 54.4 100.0 -53.2
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Asia 0.0 0.4 10.7 23.2 -10.6 0.0 0.0 10.9 26.2 -10.9 0.0 0.0 13.0 23.9 -13.0
Caribbean 0.1 4.8 0.5 1.0 -0.4 0.1 5.8 0.2 0.5 -0.1 0.1 9.5 0.2 0.3 -0.1
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 0.0 1.2 2.6 -1.2 0.0 0.1 1.7 4.1 -1.7 0.0 0.4 2.5 4.6 -2.5
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 0.6 54.6 10.0 21.8 -9.4 0.8 48.8 11.1 26.6 -10.3 0.5 37.9 14.7 26.9 -14.2
MERCOSUR 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.5 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.3 -0.2
Mexico 0.0 0.0 2.1 4.6 -2.1 0.1 8.0 2.0 4.7 -1.8 0.0 2.0 4.3 7.9 -4.3
NAFTA 0.4 36.9 17.6 38.4 -17.2 0.5 33.6 11.4 27.5 -10.9 0.6 46.4 16.3 29.9 -15.7
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 -0.2
Other 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0
European Union 0.0 2.7 3.7 8.1 -3.7 0.0 2.5 4.0 9.7 -4.0 0.0 1.6 3.2 5.8 -3.1
1 Per cent

Table No. 14
Foreign trade by Harmonized System section and by main economic bloc
(US$ million)
XXI. Works of art and antiques
1999 2000 2001
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 0.0 100.0 0.1 100.0 -0.1 0.0 100.0 0.3 100.0 -0.2 0.0 100.0 0.3 100.0 -0.2
Africa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.2 0.0
Asia 0.0 35.2 0.0 13.8 0.0 0.0 17.1 0.0 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.0
Caribbean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Ó.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 56.7 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 61.3 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 22.1 0.0 0.2 0.0
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
CACM 0.0 5.0 0.0 13.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 0.0
MERCOSUR 0.0 3.1 0.1 70.2 -0.1 0.0 21.6 0.2 91.5 -0.2 0.0 76.5 0.2 71.5 -0.2
Mexico 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
NAFTA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
OECD 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.5 0.0
Other 0.0 100.0 0.1 100.0 -0.1 0.0 100.0 0.3 100.0 -0.2 0.0 100.0 0.3 100.0 -0.2
European Union 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.2 0.0

2002 2003 2004
Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance Exp. Imp. Balance
Bloc Value Share1 Value Share1 Value Value1 Share1 Value Share1 Value Value Share1 Value Share1 Value
Total 0.0 100.0 0.1 100.0 -0.1 0.1 100.0 0.2 100.0 -0.1 0.0 100.0 0.1 100.0 -0.1
Africa 0.0 0.2 0.0 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 0.0
Asia 0.0 2.1 0.0 7.9 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.0
Caribbean 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0
CARICOM 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 5.1 0.0
Andean Community 0.0 5.4 0.0 0.9 0.0 0.0 2.3 0.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 15.4 0.0 3.1 0.0
Eastern Europe 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0
CACM 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0
MERCOSUR 0.0 40.7 0.1 61.9 -0.1 0.0 49.9 0.1 37.7 0.0 0.0 60.0 0.0 53.9 0.0
Mexico 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.4 0.0
NAFTA 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
OECD 0.0 51.6 0.0 8.4 0.0 0.0 46.8 0.1 44.6 0.0 0.0 22.2 0.0 21.4 0.0
Other 0.0 100.0 0.1 100.0 -0.1 0.1 100.0 0.2 100.0 -0.1 0.0 100.0 0.1 100.0 -0.1
European Union 0.0 0.2 0.0 13.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 13.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.3 0.0
1 Per cent

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